Vaccines-2013 - OMICS Group

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Joseph Onakewhor et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAImmunological pattern of hepatitis B infection among exposed and non-exposed babies ina PMTCT program in low resource setting: Does every exposed newborn require 200 IU ofhepatitis B immunoglobulin?Joseph Onakewhor 1 , Charurat M 2 , Matthew O 3 , Esosa Osagie 4 , Asemota 4 and Sadoh W. E 51University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria2University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA3Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria4University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria5University of Benin Teaching Hospital, NigeriaGlobally, about 2 billion people have markers of current or past hepatitis (HBV) infection and estimated 350-400 millionare chronically afflicted. In Nigeria, 4.3% and 6.8% of pregnant women and partners of infected women respectively areinfected. Though, a vertically transmissible and vaccine preventable infection, data on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) ofHBV in Nigeria is scarce. Immunoprophylaxis with immunoglobulin (HBIG) for exposed babies plus a course of 3 vaccinationsis expected to produce adequate immune response (antibodies>100 mIU/ml) and protection for at least 25 years. We investigatedthe immunological pattern of HBV-infected mothers and their exposed infants and compared them with HBV-non-exposedbabies in a prospective case-control pilot study in a PMTCT program in low-resource setting (LRS). The Nigerian Government/UNICEF provides free to children HBV immunization but HBIG is provided at personal cost that is prohibitive to majority ofparents. When exposed infants did not receive HBIG, parents exhibit a lot of anxiety about the potential for their infection.Consequently, we determined if every exposed newborn required standard dose 200iu HBIG in LRS. We compared the patternof immunological response of infants that received 200iu with those that received 100iu HBIG. All babies received in additionthree doses of HBV vaccine. The median period of followed-up was 9 (range 0-15) months. The MTCT rate was zero. However,exposed babies were less likely than their unexposed counterparts to respond to vaccination (p
Omer Qutaiba B. Al-lela et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0163 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAIncorporating of immunization course in pharmacy curriculum in MalaysiaOmer Qutaiba B. Al-lela 1 , Mohd. Baidi Bahari 2 , Ramadan M. Elkalmi 1 and Ammar Ihsan Jawad Awadh 11International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Malaysia2AIMST University, MalaysiaObjectives: To evaluate immunization knowledge and attitude among pharmacy students, and to identify the impact ofimmunization course on students’ knowledge and attitude regarding immunization.As a health care provider, the pharmacists have played a role in promoting, maintaining, and improving immunization ratesamong children because the pharmacist is one of the most accessible healthcare professionals. Most of the schools or collegesdo not have enough education courses regarding immunization. These deficiencies in immunization education and training incolleges and schools of pharmacy may contribute to low immunization rates in the Malaysia. After suggestion and negotiation, theimmunization course was introduced in Kulliyyah of Pharmacy- International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) during currentacademic year (2012-2013) for fourth-year students enrolled in the bachelor of pharmacy (B. Pharm) degree program. Validatedknowledge and attitude (KA) questionnaires about immunization were distributed before and after immunization course among4th year student. The immunization course consist of: immunization and vaccine types in children and adult, schedule and timing,adverse reactions, contraindications, epidemiology and disease prevention, pharmacist’s role, documentation, record keeping,planning, storage, parents’ education and reminder, immunization errors types, pharmacovigilance, and recommendations. Atotal of 70 students were analyzed. The majority of students were female (55, 78.6%). The mean ± standard deviation of students’KA scores before immunization course was 12.957±3.68, while the students’ KA scores after immunization course was increasedto 17.442±2.65. As academic pharmacists, we believe that it is high time for Malaysian pharmacy schools to help reach the nationalgoals for immunization compliance through educating future generation’s pharmacists. Although the initiation of the new coursein pharmacy school requires additional resources and takes time to develop and update the curriculum, we strongly advice otherMalaysian schools of pharmacy to mandate immunization education course and training as part of their core curriculum.omarallela@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 93
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