Vaccines-2013 - OMICS Group

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Emem Emmanuel Etukiren et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USADeterminants of uptake of third doses of oral polio and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccinesin Ibadan north local government area, NigeriaEmem Emmanuel Etukiren and Akinola Ayoola FatiregunFaculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, NigeriaHigh drop-out rates in the uptake of full doses of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) vaccinehave been reported, despite efforts to improve immunisation coverage. This study identified determinants of uptake of thirddoses of OPV(3) and DPT(3) among infants who received first doses of either/both vaccines at ten immunization centres locatedin Ibadan North Local Government Area (IBNLGA), Nigeria. Using a cohort study design, 400 mother-child pairs were assessed(from February - September 2012). A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and eachchild was followed up for 90 days (at 30-day intervals), to record dates of second and third doses of the vaccines. Multi-variableanalysis was performed using log-rank test and Cox's regression to identify predictive factors. Only 43.5% and 24.8% of therecruited children completed OPV3 and DPT3 respectively. Factors predictive of uptake of OPV3 were; being a first birth (HR =1.66, 95% CI = 1.11-2.48) and attending a tertiary health facility (HR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.41-3.65), while attending a secondaryhealth facility was significant for uptake of DPT-3 (HR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.30-4.61). Determinants of uptake of third doses of thevaccines were type of health facility attended and child’s birth order. Hence, efforts to improve vaccination coverage should takeinto consideration sustaining awareness on the importance of completing immunisation schedule for children of higher birthorders and improved service delivery among health facilities.BiographyEmem Emmanuel Etukiren is an MPH (Field Epidemiology) student at the faculty of Public health, University of Ibadan. She has participated inseveral research activities, and is currently working on some. Such of which include: Environmental Assessment of Cholera outbreak in IbadanNorth LGA, Nigeria; Missed opportunity for immunisation among infant in Ibadan North LGA, Health hazards associated with poor housing in PortHarcourt, Nigeria.She has also gained core fi eld experience in public health issues like; HIV prevention, immunisation program, epidemic preparedness and malariaprevention. Emem is also a member of International Epidemiology Association (IEA) and Epidemiological Society of Nigeria (EPISON).rimmaetuk@yahoo.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 146
Belachew Etana et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2013, 4:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.S1.0183 rd International Conference onVaccines & VaccinationJuly 29-31, 2013 Embassy Suites Las Vegas, NV, USAFactors associated with complete immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months inAmbo Woreda, Central EthiopiaBelachew Etana and Wakgari DeressaMekelle University, EthiopiaBackground: Vaccination is a proven tool in preventing and eradicating communicable diseases, but a considerable proportionof childhood morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia is due to vaccine preventable diseases. Immunization coverage in many parts ofthe country remains low despite the efforts to improve the services. In 2005, only 20% of the children were fully vaccinated andabout 1 million children were unvaccinated in 2007. The objective of this study was to assess complete immunization coverageand its associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Ambo woreda.Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in 8 rural and 2 urban kebeles during January- February,2011. A modified WHO EPI cluster sampling method was used for sample selection. Data on 536 children aged 12-23 monthsfrom 536 representative households were collected using trained nurses. The data collectors assessed the vaccination status ofthe children based on vaccination cards or mother’s verbal reports using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through houseto-housevisits. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with immunizationcoverage.Results: About 96% of the mothers heard about vaccination and vaccine preventable diseases and 79.5% knew the benefitof immunization. About 36% of children aged 12-23 months were fully vaccinated by card plus recall, but only 27.7% werefully vaccinated by card alone and 23.7% children were unvaccinated. Using multivariate logistic regression models, factorssignificantly associated with complete immunization were antenatal care follow-up (adjusted odds ratio(AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-4.9), being born in the health facility (AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.4), mothers’ knowledge about the age at which vaccination begins(AOR= 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9-4.6) and knowledge about the age at which vaccination completes (AOR=4.3, 95% CI: 2.3-8), whereasarea of residence and mother’s socio-demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with full immunization amongchildren.Conclusion: Complete immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months remains low. Maternal health care utilizationand knowledge of mothers about the age at which child begins and finishes vaccination are the main factors associated withcomplete immunization coverage. It is necessary that, local interventions should be strengthened to raising awareness of thecommunity on the importance of immunization, antenatal care and institutional delivery.Keywords: Complete immunization, immunization, Ambo.BiographyBelachew Etana has completed his M.P.H. at the age of 25 years from Addis Ababa University School of Public Health. He is Lecturer at MekelleUniversity, Department of Public Health. He has published one research and is currently conducting another research.ba.etana@gmail.comJ Vaccines Vaccin 2013ISSN: 2157-7560, JVV an open access journalVaccines-2013July 29-31, 2013Volume 4 Issue 5Page 147
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