one is sterile; sev<strong>en</strong> large antheridia, biseriate (2x3 + 1 at the top). Cellularsupport of app<strong>en</strong>dage very long, swoll<strong>en</strong> below the insertion of theapp<strong>en</strong>dage; this swelling and the basal cell of the axis of the app<strong>en</strong>dagecolored brown. Perithecium having two parts: middle part and neck: middlepart protruded, yellow-brownish, 86-153 µm, neck large, almost square, mostlyas long as the rest of the perithecium, conical tip, with four regular lips, 78-163µm.Studied material [Diptera, Drosophilidae]:Drosophila subobscura Collin:NETHERLANDS, Tilburg, Kaaistoep-West. Beer trap, Brand, 19-26.viii.2008.Haelewaters 9a, 9b, 9c.Drosophila subobscura Collin:NETHERLANDS, Tilburg, Kaaistoep-West. Beer trap, Brand, 19-26.viii.2008.Haelewaters 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.Specificity and geographical distribution:On species of the g<strong>en</strong>us Drosophila Fallèn: on Drosophila obscura Fallèn andDrosophila subobscura Collin in France (DAINAT et al., 1974), on Drosophilaobscura Fallèn and Drosophila rufifrons Loew in Austria (ERHARD, 2001).Remarks:Two giant species were recorded in the curr<strong>en</strong>t research, one thallus of 491µm long; another thallus was 643 µm long.Stigmatomyces majewskii is new for the mycoflora of The Netherlands.Discussion:Stigmatomyces majewskii was distinguished from closely related S.<strong>en</strong>tomophilus based on the following features:Perithecia of S. <strong>en</strong>tomophilus with a neck that is much longer as the restof the perithecium;Ap<strong>en</strong>dages of S. <strong>en</strong>tomophilus brown and consisting of three cells.Cell I is not remarkably divided in two. In some thalli, the granularprotoplasmatic mass in cell I is abundantly pres<strong>en</strong>t, much more than thehyaline mass. Stigmatomyces majewskii displays morphological variation, assuggested before by ERHARD (2002) (based on the number of antheridia).P a g e | 97
5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONSIn The Netherlands a total of 35 species of Laboulb<strong>en</strong>iales have be<strong>en</strong>recorded up to now, starting with the very first observation in the 1940s. Thehosts repres<strong>en</strong>t 5 families, 11 subfamilies, 24 g<strong>en</strong>era and 57 species. Until now,no Dutch insect collections have be<strong>en</strong> scre<strong>en</strong>ed by mycologists in search forLaboulb<strong>en</strong>iales, except (partly) the insect collection at the <strong>Natuur</strong>museumBrabant (Tilburg). There is no doubt that a systematic study of insect collectionsof The Netherlands will result in a considerable increase of the number of bothhosts and parasites.Since 1995, the pres<strong>en</strong>ce of all kind of organisms in De Kaaistoep has be<strong>en</strong>int<strong>en</strong>sively studied. Our short prospection has resulted in nine species ofLaboulb<strong>en</strong>iales, six of which are new for The Netherlands: Laboulb<strong>en</strong>ia calathi,Laboulb<strong>en</strong>ia eubradycelli, Hesperomyces viresc<strong>en</strong>s, Rhachomyceslasiophorus, Stichomyces conosomatis and Stigmatomyces majewskii. Thelatter is rare; it has be<strong>en</strong> reported just twice, i.e. from France (type, DAINAT etal., 1974) and Austria (ERHARD, 2001).Yet, other species will be discovered in De Kaaistoep, since the observednumber of species in an area dep<strong>en</strong>ds on the diversity of habitats in that areaand perhaps ev<strong>en</strong> more the int<strong>en</strong>sity of searching for new species. In DeKaaistoep, more research should be done in order to find Laboulb<strong>en</strong>iales:capturing of insects and scre<strong>en</strong>ing for Laboulb<strong>en</strong>iales. However, these firstresults confirm the <strong>en</strong>tomological and mycological value of the naturelandscape De Kaaistoep. They also emphasize the persist<strong>en</strong>t need forinv<strong>en</strong>tory.P a g e | 98
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LABOULBENIALESEXPLORING AND TESTING
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PART IVPRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF LAB
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SAMENVATTINGINLEIDINGLaboulbeniales
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PART IGENERAL INTRODUCTIONTHESIS OU
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fifth volume, therefore the sixth v
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1.3.3. THE PERITHECI UMAscospores o
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The identity of appendages, togethe
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Figure IV: Position of Laboulbeniom
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LUMBSCH & HUHNDORF (2007) distingui
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Substrate is the intermediate facto
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CAVARA (1899, ref. in BENJAMIN, 197
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DIFFICULTIES FO
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2. MATERIALS & METHODS2.1. FUNGUS,
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2.2.6. PROTOCOL V: DIRECT PCROne th
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P a g e | 38chance. Thus, the lower
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coll1133 Laboulbenia collae IV 608l
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Cladosporium (Ascomycota, Dothideom
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5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONSMany a
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