LABOULBENIALES - Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos

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Figure IV: Position of Laboulbeniomycetes among the Fungi, from The Tree of Life Web Project(SPATAFORA, 2007).1.4.2. CLASSIFICATI ON OF THE LABOULBENIALES“The structure of the perithecium and the relatively greater complication inthe general structure of both sexes (of Herpomyces) might be assumed toplace it higher in the scale than either Amorphomyces or Dioicomyces,although the occurrence of a series of forms on Blattidae, which are supposedto be representatives of one of the most ancient types of true insects, mightperhaps have been expected to be correlated with a more primitive type inthe parasite. But although the unisexual forms with simple antheridia might forsome reasons be assumed to be the more primitive, the present genus isdistinguished by a far more complicated structure than the other unisexualforms of the same type, and Amorphomyces still remains… by far the simplestin structure of all the Laboulbeniales.”– Roland Thaxter, 1908The order of the Laboulbeniales presently comprises over 2000 species in 143genera (SANTAMARIA, 1998; KIRK et al., 2001; WEIR & BLACKWELL, 2005; LUMBSCH &HUHNDORF, 2007), and it is expected that this number will increase by futurestudies. THAXTER (1896, 1908) used the different ways of spermatia formation –exogenously, endogenously in simple antheridia, endogenously in compoundantheridia – as main criterion in the classification.P a g e | 17
Table III: Classification of the Laboulbeniales, comparison between THAXTER (1908) and TAVARES (1985).THAXTER‟S classification (1908) TAVARES‟ classification (1985)Suborder Laboulbeniineae (Endogenae)Suborder HerpomycetinaeFamily LaboulbeniaceaeTribe HerpomyceteaeTribe AmorphomyceteaeTribe StigmatomyceteaeTribe IdiomyceteaeTribe TeratomyceteaeTribe CorethromyceteaeTribe LaboulbenieaeTribe RhachomyceteaeTribe ClematomyceteaeTribe CompsomyceteaeTribe ChaetomyceteaeTribe EcteinomyceteaeTribe MisgomyceteaeFamily PeyritschiellaceaeTribe DimorphomyceteaeTribe RickieaeTribe PeyritschielleaeTribe EnarthromyceteaeTribe HaplomyceteaeSuborder Ceratomycetineae (Exogenae)Tribe CeratomyceteaeTribe ZodiomyceteaeFamily HerpomycetaceaeTribe HerpomyceteaeSuborder LaboulbeniinaeFamily CeratomycetaceaeSubfamily TettigomycetoideaeSubfamily CeratomycetoideaeTribe ThaumasiomyceteaeTribe CeratomyceteaeSubtribe HelodiomycetinaeSubtribe CeratomycetinaeTribe DrepanomyceteaeFamily EuceratomycetaceaeFamily LaboulbeniaceaeSubfamily ZodiomycetoideaeSubfamily LaboulbenioideaeTribe CompsomyceteaeSubtribe CompsomycetinaeSubtribe KainomycetinaeTribe HydrophilomycetaeTribe CoreomyceteaeTribe TeratomyceteaeSubtribe TeratomycetinaeSubtribe RhachomycetinaeSubtribe ChaetomycetinaeSubtribe FilariomycetinaeSubtribe SmeringomycetinaeSubtribe ScelophoromycetinaeSubtribe HisteridomycetinaeSubtribe RhipidiomycetinaeSubtribe AmphimycetinaeSubtribe AsaphomycetinaeTribe LaboulbenieaeSubtribe LaboulbeniinaeSubtribe MisgomycetinaeSubtribe ChitonomycetinaeSubtribe ChaetarthriomycetinaeSubtribe StigmatomycetinaeSubtribe AmorphomycetinaeTribe EuphoriomyceteaeSubtribe EuphoriomycetinaeSubtribe AporomycetinaeSubfamily PeyritschielloideaeTribe PeyritschielleaeSubtribe PeyritschiellinaeSubtribe MimeomycetinaeSubtribe EnarthromycetinaeSubtribe DiandromycetinaeTribe DimorphomyceteaeTribe HaplomyceteaeSubtribe HaplomycetinaeSubtribe KleidiomycetinaeSubfamily MonoicomycetoideaeP a g e | 18This way of separating groups in the Laboulbeniales was universally accepted,until TAVARES (1967, 1985) applied a new way for classification using peritheciumdevelopment and perithecial wall structure as characteristics. Table III presentsthe comparison between THAXTER (1908) and TAVARES (1985).
Page 3: LABOULBENIALESEXPLORING AND TESTING
Page 7 and 8: PART IVPRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF LAB
Page 9 and 10: SAMENVATTINGINLEIDINGLaboulbeniales
Page 11 and 12: PART IGENERAL INTRODUCTIONTHESIS OU
Page 13 and 14: fifth volume, therefore the sixth v
Page 16 and 17: 1.3.3. THE PERITHECI UMAscospores o
Page 18 and 19: The identity of appendages, togethe
Page 22 and 23: LUMBSCH & HUHNDORF (2007) distingui
Page 25 and 26: Substrate is the intermediate facto
Page 27: CAVARA (1899, ref. in BENJAMIN, 197
Page 35 and 36: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DIFFICULTIES FO
Page 37 and 38: 2. MATERIALS & METHODS2.1. FUNGUS,
Page 39 and 40: 2.2.6. PROTOCOL V: DIRECT PCROne th
Page 41 and 42: P a g e | 38chance. Thus, the lower
Page 43 and 44: coll1133 Laboulbenia collae IV 608l
Page 45 and 46: Cladosporium (Ascomycota, Dothideom
Page 47 and 48: 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONSMany a
Page 49 and 50: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1. FORENSIC ENTOMO
Page 51 and 52: Different groups of carrion beetles
Page 53 and 54: The 1.319 ha Meerdaal Forest has be
Page 55 and 56: 2.2. MEERDAAL FOREST(DA TA NA TI O
Page 57 and 58: approximately 2.700 are found in Eu
Page 59 and 60: Order ColeopteraSuborder PolyphagaI
Page 61 and 62: Dermestidae 8 2 23 (3) / 22 (4)Elat
Page 63 and 64: Table XXIV: Family Cerambycidae fro
Page 65 and 66: Table XXVIII: Family Dermestidae fr
Page 67 and 68: Adults prey on other flower-visitin
Page 69 and 70: Table XXXV: Family Scarabaeidae fro
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Creophilus Samouellemaxillosus (Lin
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4.3. LABOULBENIALES OF CARRION BEET
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The knowledge about the preferences
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Table XLII: Comparison of carrion b
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5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONSNo spe
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. NATURAL LANDSCA
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In the 40s, Middelhoek studied and
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2. MATERIALS & METHODS2.1. HOSTS2.1
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Screening of the insects was done w
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3. RESULTS3.1. PARASITE-HOST LISTA
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Figure XV: Detail of thallus of Lab
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isodiametric or slightly elongate,
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occurs in the lower receptacle (cel
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Discussion:Two species of the genus
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anches (15-)34-38(-40) µm long, te
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5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONSIn The
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P a g e | 100ADRIAENS, T. & GYSELS,
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transmission, habitat preference an
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STALPERS, J.A., VILGALYS, R., AIME,
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MELIS, C., TEURLINGS, I. LINNELL, J
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SCHILTHUIZEN, M. & VALLENDUUK, H. (
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