LABOULBENIALES - Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos

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4.6. HESPEROMYCES VIRESCENS THAXT.Figure XX: Thallus of Hesperomyces virescens (from Harmonia axyridis, specimen 1a, thallus 1).Scale bar = 50 µm. Picture by Danny Haelewaters (2010).P a g e | 93Thallus (210-)274-286(-375) µm, hyaline to yellowish. Receptacle (60-)76-88 µmlong, with cell I triangular to rhomboidal, longer than broad, cell II slightlylonger than broad, rhomboidal to trapezoidal, cell III slightly shorter than cell II,almost isodiametric, slightly inflated dorsally. Primary appendage (48-)50-53(-58) µm long, consisting of (3-)4 superposed cells. Basal cell 1,5 times longerthan broad, longer than each of the remaining cells of the appendage, thirdand fourth cells bearing one and two antheridia respectively. Antheridia withoutwardly curved efferent necks. Stalk cell of perithecium elongated, slightlybroadened distally; perithecium (140-)181-201(-253) x (50-)52-54(-81) µm,asymmetric, fusiform, broadest near the middle, and then gradually taperingtowards a short, broad, indistinct neck, and a subacute, lobulated,asymmetrical apex. Septa between the horizontal tiers of wall cells marked byconstrictions. The perithecial tip area includes two short lower lobes, twounicellular elongated upper lobes and two prominent lips surrounding theostiole; the lower lobes are minute whereas the upper lobes are finger-like andusually curved outwards; the tips of the upper lobes exceed the perithecialapex height. Ascospores two-celled, (55-)(-70) µm long.Studied material [Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Coccinellinae]:Harmonia axyridis (Pallas):Tilburg TWM, Kaaistoep-west, 128.8-394.6. Licht, 6.viii.08.Haelewaters 1a, 1b, 1c.Harmonia axyridis (Pallas):Tilburg TWM, Kaaistoep-west, 128.8-394.6. Licht, 31.viii.08.Haelewaters 11a, 11b, 11c.Specificity and geographical distribution:On Coccinellidae of the genus Adalia Mulsant, Chilocorus Leach, HarmoniaMulsant, Hippodamia Dejean, Propylea Mulsant, Psyllobora Dejean, in severalEuropean countries, and in Africa, Asia, America and Oceania (De Kesel,1997).Remarks:Hesperomyces virescens is new for the mycoflora of The Netherlands.
Discussion:Two species of the genus Hesperomyces occur in Europe, i.e. H. virescens andthe much less common H. coccinelloides (SANTAMARÍA, 2003). The specimensfound in De Kaaistoep belong to H. virescens, they were found on Harmoniaaxyridis, an invasive coccinelid species.H. axyridis is native to northeastern Asia, including Taiwan, China, Korea,Japan, southern Siberia, Ryukyu Islands and Bonin Islands, and Australia(MANNIX, 2001). It was identified as a biocontrol agent for aphids and scaleinsects, and has been introduced in the United States and Europe. H. axyridis isa generalistic species, less demanding for environmental factors, therefore itcauses a threat to all native species and biodiversity (ADRIAENS & GYSELS, 2002).For the time being, nothing is known about the range and worldwidedistribution of Hesperomyces virescens on Harmonia axyridis.4.7. RHACHOMYCES LASIOPHORUS (THAXT.) THAXT.Figure XXI: Thallus of Rhachomyces lasiophorus (from Anthracus consputus, specimen 2a, thallus 1).Scale bar = 100 µm. Picture by Danny Haelewaters (2010).Thallus (180-)202(-220)[480] µm long, usually straight, pale brownish,appendages dark brown. Receptacle axis below the perithecium (60-)78(-290) µm long, consisting of 8-18 cells which are isodiametric, darkened in thelower part, slightly widening distally; no proliferating branches visible.Appendages of type A brown-black, up to 221 [300] µm long, but in maturethalli often broken off, only in the lower part of the receptaculum; type Bappendages up to 112 µm long, abundantly along the whole receptacle axisand around the stalk cell of the perithecium (cell VI), consist of 4-5 cells whichare nearly equal in length, the distal cell is somewhat longer and slightlyswollen in the lower part; type C appendages sparsely dispersed on the mainaxis, forming a small group near the base of the perithecial stalk cell, up to 30P a g e | 94
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LABOULBENIALESEXPLORING AND TESTING
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PART IVPRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF LAB
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SAMENVATTINGINLEIDINGLaboulbeniales
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PART IGENERAL INTRODUCTIONTHESIS OU
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fifth volume, therefore the sixth v
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1.3.3. THE PERITHECI UMAscospores o
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The identity of appendages, togethe
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Figure IV: Position of Laboulbeniom
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LUMBSCH & HUHNDORF (2007) distingui
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Substrate is the intermediate facto
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CAVARA (1899, ref. in BENJAMIN, 197
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. DIFFICULTIES FO
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2. MATERIALS & METHODS2.1. FUNGUS,
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2.2.6. PROTOCOL V: DIRECT PCROne th
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P a g e | 38chance. Thus, the lower
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coll1133 Laboulbenia collae IV 608l
Page 45 and 46: Cladosporium (Ascomycota, Dothideom
Page 47 and 48: 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONSMany a
Page 49 and 50: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1. FORENSIC ENTOMO
Page 51 and 52: Different groups of carrion beetles
Page 53 and 54: The 1.319 ha Meerdaal Forest has be
Page 55 and 56: 2.2. MEERDAAL FOREST(DA TA NA TI O
Page 57 and 58: approximately 2.700 are found in Eu
Page 59 and 60: Order ColeopteraSuborder PolyphagaI
Page 61 and 62: Dermestidae 8 2 23 (3) / 22 (4)Elat
Page 63 and 64: Table XXIV: Family Cerambycidae fro
Page 65 and 66: Table XXVIII: Family Dermestidae fr
Page 67 and 68: Adults prey on other flower-visitin
Page 69 and 70: Table XXXV: Family Scarabaeidae fro
Page 71 and 72: Creophilus Samouellemaxillosus (Lin
Page 73 and 74: 4.3. LABOULBENIALES OF CARRION BEET
Page 75 and 76: The knowledge about the preferences
Page 77 and 78: Table XLII: Comparison of carrion b
Page 79 and 80: 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONSNo spe
Page 81 and 82: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1. NATURAL LANDSCA
Page 83 and 84: In the 40s, Middelhoek studied and
Page 85 and 86: 2. MATERIALS & METHODS2.1. HOSTS2.1
Page 87 and 88: Screening of the insects was done w
Page 89 and 90: 3. RESULTS3.1. PARASITE-HOST LISTA
Page 91 and 92: Figure XV: Detail of thallus of Lab
Page 93 and 94: isodiametric or slightly elongate,
Page 95: occurs in the lower receptacle (cel
Page 99 and 100: anches (15-)34-38(-40) µm long, te
Page 101 and 102: 5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONSIn The
Page 103 and 104: P a g e | 100ADRIAENS, T. & GYSELS,
Page 105 and 106: transmission, habitat preference an
Page 107 and 108: STALPERS, J.A., VILGALYS, R., AIME,
Page 109 and 110: MELIS, C., TEURLINGS, I. LINNELL, J
Page 111 and 112: SCHILTHUIZEN, M. & VALLENDUUK, H. (
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