Shawyer dissertation May 2008 final version - The University of ...

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world is watching!” echoed from below, horrified Convention delegates watched fromtheir hotel windows, yelling and booing (“In the Streets” A10).The world, or rather the American public, was indeed watching. About 89 millionAmericans watching television that night saw almost twenty minutes of the “mayhem”that erupted around the media in front of the hotel (McWilliams 55). They saw CBSNews reporter Mike Wallace get punched in the face, and twenty other reportersassaulted. Footage of the rioting also reached the delegates at the InternationalAmphitheater as Senator Abraham Ribicoff was nominating Senator George McGovernfor President. An impassioned Ribicoff paused to scold Mayor Daley, famously shockingthe Convention by stating that if McGovern was in charge, there would not be “Gestapotactics on the streets of Chicago.” An appalled nation watched the television coverage aspolice and National Guard brutally beat the crowd and arrested more than 250demonstrators and bystanders. 70In the confusion, it is unclear what happened to many of the protest leaders. OnWednesday morning Abbie Hoffman was arrested for painting “fuck” on his forehead inan attempt to avoid getting his photograph taken by journalists. Rennie Davis was injuredin the afternoon skirmish and needed nine stitches to his scalp. Tailed by undercoverChicago police, Rubin was arrested Wednesday night. Hayden was arrested for thesecond time that week. Dellinger, with his bullhorn, desperately tried to negotiate apeaceful resolution with the police. But the crowd took on a life of its own, pouring intothe streets enraged. Individuals from across the nation, representing all manner of70 According to a report conducted by the City of Chicago, a total of 641 people were arrested duringconvention week (EX HU4, WHCF, Box 60, LBJ Library).180
political positions, merged to form one voice speaking out against the authoritariantactics of the state. It was exactly what the Yippies wanted to happen. It was their perfectvision of Theater of Cruelty.ChicagoProduced by Marshall McLuhanDirected by Mayor Daley and Antonin Artaud—Abbie Hoffman (Revolution 101)In addition to their love of guerrilla theatre and headline-grabbing comic antics,the Yippies were inspired by the concept of Theater of Cruelty devised by French theatrepractitioner and theorist Antonin Artaud, whose theories had been circulating in theworld of avant-garde performance for several decades. In the early 1950s collegeregistrar Mary Caroline Richards began translating Artaud’s works for the creativecommunity at Black Mountain College (Tytell, Living 87). In 1958 Grove Presspublished Richards’ translation of Artaud’s The Theater and its Double (1938). TheLiving Theatre in particular experimented with Theater of Cruelty concept with NewYork productions of The Connection (1959), The Brig (1963), and Paradise Now (1968).The 1964 Royal Shakespeare Company production of Peter Weiss’s play Marat/Sade, 71famously directed by Peter Brook using Theater of Cruelty techniques, toured to New71 The full title of Weiss’s play is most commonly translated as The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates of the Asylum at Charenton under the Direction of the Marquis deSade.181
Page 1 and 2:
CopyrightbySusanne Elizabeth Shawye
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Radical Street Theatre and the Yipp
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Kokai, Olivia Whitmer O’Hare, Tam
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organizational strategies of the an
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IntroductionThe Chicago Poster:Cont
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adical hipsters, or counterculture
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linguistic theory, the field of per
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The language of performance thus al
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protest from theatre. 8 Mass demons
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performative has the potential to e
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evolution using methodological and
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Realist, suddenly noticed that when
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Revolution for the Hell of It is a
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The Yippies’ politics are clear i
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2). They embraced a romantic notion
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made up of many separate organizati
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and a free store on the Lower East
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When they formed the Youth Internat
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Most of the dozen core Yippies were
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acknowledgment that her business sk
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The claim of millions of Yippies wa
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Man to tease out the New Left’s n
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eports from the popular press, test
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Image of Yippie Chicago poster.47
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surround the Pentagon are a long wa
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the Conference for New Politics in
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Washington was no stranger to mass
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uilding in acts of civil disobedien
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had a history of civil disobedience
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the crowd into affinity groups by m
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Like Abbie Hoffman, Rubin was aware
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Krishna” and “Om” to their re
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Pentagon began its work for the wee
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A respectable horde of respectable
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that time was still expected to see
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It didn’t matter if there was dis
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democratic political-economic and c
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social activist Malcolm X, Communis
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The aesthetic of the New Left now t
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straight-laced emphasis on communit
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Unlike the young student politician
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on the improvised actions of variou
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society” by changing, not ignorin
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similar to the very same ones used
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scenery falls. The Yippies loved th
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unrest by the lower ranks of societ
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Don’t rely on words. Words are th
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writing to President Johnson from V
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wasn’t just their situation that
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freshly-shorn young men in army uni
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I also argue that blurring of life
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Armed with a budget of just $15.00
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ounced through the air above the cr
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they ran into again in Chicago when
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Yip-In moved into an unexpected sec
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Yippies had been publishing manifes
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experimental works. Like other New
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not Broadway, was the venue for pla
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adicalism of Off-Off-Broadway conte
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theater, and including it on their
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environment that pays special atten
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meaning or appreciate the aesthetic
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Since Happenings emerged from New Y
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that contrasted visual peaceful pro
Page 137 and 138: prominence of ordinary actions and
Page 139 and 140: The costumes of the Yip-In particip
Page 141 and 142: ecruit, several blocks from the hip
Page 143 and 144: free stores, or crash pads. In 1969
Page 145 and 146: The hippies and Yippies also used m
Page 147 and 148: from their weekday Establishment re
Page 149 and 150: perform the power of authority and
Page 151 and 152: commuters the actions and dress tha
Page 153 and 154: emotion and hope, like the “utopi
Page 155 and 156: Chapter ThreeThe Festival of Life:
Page 157 and 158: Double (1938). The Yippies used the
Page 159 and 160: anti-war views, and movement leader
Page 161 and 162: Republican candidate Richard Nixon;
Page 163 and 164: death, it seemed like Humphrey was
Page 165 and 166: American politicians. We’ll infil
Page 167 and 168: named themselves the Youth Internat
Page 169 and 170: if necessary, Mobe was unable to ge
Page 171 and 172: ut the Yippies’ signs supported a
Page 173 and 174: craze, offering a special section o
Page 175 and 176: efforts to bring performances to th
Page 177 and 178: commentary in the East Village Othe
Page 179 and 180: which Hoffman designated as ‘medi
Page 181 and 182: already in Chicago, and prepared to
Page 183 and 184: Even though many of the demonstrato
Page 185 and 186: with a fire-cracker throwing crowd
Page 187: Hilton to interview passing delegat
Page 191 and 192: protest against the order, rules, a
Page 193 and 194: experience the performance event wi
Page 195 and 196: The Battle of Michigan Avenue was a
Page 197 and 198: “It would take an inspired Artaud
Page 199 and 200: The letters in the Johnson Library
Page 201 and 202: watching” (Box 66). Korean War ve
Page 203 and 204: members who felt that the Yippies g
Page 205 and 206: Dismayed by his lack of action abou
Page 207 and 208: night of the Battle of Michigan Ave
Page 209 and 210: Chapter FourFlash Mobs: The Yippie
Page 211 and 212: that is, they were political only t
Page 213 and 214: as their primary political and cult
Page 215 and 216: 1969, “Four Days of Rage” campa
Page 217 and 218: The Festival of Life and the ensuin
Page 219 and 220: The Yippies’ revolutionary action
Page 221 and 222: Glasgow, Rome, Vienna, Berlin, Sydn
Page 223 and 224: and social conventions: flash mobs
Page 225 and 226: social behaviors, and the technolog
Page 227 and 228: organized by anyone with access to
Page 229 and 230: advantage of the dramaturgy of prot
Page 231 and 232: Yet the insider/outsider dynamic of
Page 233 and 234: List of AbbreviationsCOREFBIHUACLBJ
Page 235 and 236: Letter, Roger Light to the Presiden
Page 237 and 238: Telegram, Marjorie Satthoff to the
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Brown, Joe David, ed. The Hippies.
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Editorial. Chicago Tribune. 29 Aug.
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Higgins, Dick. “The Origin of the
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Karastamatis, John. “Don’t Star
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McMillian, John. “Garbage Guerril
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Rosenberg, Bernard. “Chicago: Blo
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Stewart, M. J. F. and Davis, Lisa.
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VITASusanne Elizabeth Shawyer was b
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