Shawyer dissertation May 2008 final version - The University of ...

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Table of ContentsIntroduction ................................................................................................................... 1The Chicago Poster: Contextualizing the Youth International Party in the HistoricalArchiveThe 1960s Archive: History and Performance..................................................... 7The Yippie Archive: Creating a “Potlitical” Movement .................................... 22Chapter Outline.................................................................................................. 42Image of Yippie Chicago Poster ....................................................................... 47Chapter One ................................................................................................................ 48The March on the Pentagon: Elements of a Networked Participatory StreetPerformance FormChapter Two ................................................................................................................ 98The Grand Central Station Yip-In: Form into PracticeChapter Three ........................................................................................................... 147The Festival of Life: Form Made into ChaosChapter Four ............................................................................................................. 201Flash Mobs: The Yippie Legacy?List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................ 225Works Cited .............................................................................................................. 226Vita ..............................................................................................................................245viii
IntroductionThe Chicago Poster:Contextualizing the Youth International Party in the Historical ArchiveAt the heart of this project is a single sheet of paper. At first glance, it looks like apiece of blue-ruled writing paper, with exuberant red letters proclaiming “Yippie!”printed across the middle of the page. Below, more red letters read “Chicago. Aug 25-30.” 1 But a closer look reveals that this is not ruled writing paper. The dozens of orderlyblue lines marching down the page are not solid, but instead consist of hundreds of tinywords. In a small font and all in capital letters, these words create the blue-ruledbackground of the poster. They begin at the top left corner proclaiming “SPREE—WOWEE—ARLO GUTHRIE,” and end at the very bottom of the page with “YOUTHINTERNATIONAL PARTY—32 UNION SQUARE, ROOM 607, NEW YORK, N. Y.10003—(212) 982-5090.” In between are dozens of rows of small words separated withdashes: a riot of names, nouns, verbs, and sounds. One line reads, “INNER SPACE —HELL NO WE WON’T GO — LIPS — CHERRY PIE — LIBERTY — LSD —STREAMERS — MACBIRD — VOTE,” referencing psychedelic experiences, an antiwarchant, traditional American family values and ideals, the upcoming politicalconventions of the 1968 election year, and Barbara Garson’s 1966 play MacBird! thatsatirizes President Lyndon Baines Johnson as a modern-day Macbeth. It is near1 See image at the end of this chapter on page 47. This image can also be found online at the University ofVirginia Library Special Collections Department at < http://www.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-in/imgload.cgi/155>,and printed in black and white on page 164 of Abbie Hoffman’s Revolution for the Hell of It.1
Page 1 and 2: CopyrightbySusanne Elizabeth Shawye
Page 3 and 4: Radical Street Theatre and the Yipp
Page 5 and 6: Kokai, Olivia Whitmer O’Hare, Tam
Page 7: organizational strategies of the an
Page 12: adical hipsters, or counterculture
Page 20: linguistic theory, the field of per
Page 23 and 24: The language of performance thus al
Page 25 and 26: protest from theatre. 8 Mass demons
Page 27 and 28: performative has the potential to e
Page 29 and 30: evolution using methodological and
Page 31 and 32: Realist, suddenly noticed that when
Page 33 and 34: Revolution for the Hell of It is a
Page 35 and 36: The Yippies’ politics are clear i
Page 37 and 38: 2). They embraced a romantic notion
Page 39 and 40: made up of many separate organizati
Page 41 and 42: and a free store on the Lower East
Page 43 and 44: When they formed the Youth Internat
Page 45 and 46: Most of the dozen core Yippies were
Page 47 and 48: acknowledgment that her business sk
Page 49 and 50: The claim of millions of Yippies wa
Page 51 and 52: Man to tease out the New Left’s n
Page 53 and 54: eports from the popular press, test
Page 55 and 56: Image of Yippie Chicago poster.47
Page 57 and 58: surround the Pentagon are a long wa
Page 59 and 60:
the Conference for New Politics in
Page 61 and 62:
Washington was no stranger to mass
Page 63 and 64:
uilding in acts of civil disobedien
Page 65 and 66:
had a history of civil disobedience
Page 67 and 68:
the crowd into affinity groups by m
Page 69 and 70:
Like Abbie Hoffman, Rubin was aware
Page 71 and 72:
Krishna” and “Om” to their re
Page 73 and 74:
Pentagon began its work for the wee
Page 75 and 76:
A respectable horde of respectable
Page 77 and 78:
that time was still expected to see
Page 79 and 80:
It didn’t matter if there was dis
Page 81 and 82:
democratic political-economic and c
Page 83 and 84:
social activist Malcolm X, Communis
Page 85 and 86:
The aesthetic of the New Left now t
Page 87 and 88:
straight-laced emphasis on communit
Page 89 and 90:
Unlike the young student politician
Page 91 and 92:
on the improvised actions of variou
Page 93 and 94:
society” by changing, not ignorin
Page 95 and 96:
similar to the very same ones used
Page 97 and 98:
scenery falls. The Yippies loved th
Page 99 and 100:
unrest by the lower ranks of societ
Page 101 and 102:
Don’t rely on words. Words are th
Page 103 and 104:
writing to President Johnson from V
Page 105 and 106:
wasn’t just their situation that
Page 107 and 108:
freshly-shorn young men in army uni
Page 109 and 110:
I also argue that blurring of life
Page 111 and 112:
Armed with a budget of just $15.00
Page 113 and 114:
ounced through the air above the cr
Page 115 and 116:
they ran into again in Chicago when
Page 117 and 118:
Yip-In moved into an unexpected sec
Page 119 and 120:
Yippies had been publishing manifes
Page 121 and 122:
experimental works. Like other New
Page 123 and 124:
not Broadway, was the venue for pla
Page 125 and 126:
adicalism of Off-Off-Broadway conte
Page 127 and 128:
theater, and including it on their
Page 129 and 130:
environment that pays special atten
Page 131 and 132:
meaning or appreciate the aesthetic
Page 133 and 134:
Since Happenings emerged from New Y
Page 135 and 136:
that contrasted visual peaceful pro
Page 137 and 138:
prominence of ordinary actions and
Page 139 and 140:
The costumes of the Yip-In particip
Page 141 and 142:
ecruit, several blocks from the hip
Page 143 and 144:
free stores, or crash pads. In 1969
Page 145 and 146:
The hippies and Yippies also used m
Page 147 and 148:
from their weekday Establishment re
Page 149 and 150:
perform the power of authority and
Page 151 and 152:
commuters the actions and dress tha
Page 153 and 154:
emotion and hope, like the “utopi
Page 155 and 156:
Chapter ThreeThe Festival of Life:
Page 157 and 158:
Double (1938). The Yippies used the
Page 159 and 160:
anti-war views, and movement leader
Page 161 and 162:
Republican candidate Richard Nixon;
Page 163 and 164:
death, it seemed like Humphrey was
Page 165 and 166:
American politicians. We’ll infil
Page 167 and 168:
named themselves the Youth Internat
Page 169 and 170:
if necessary, Mobe was unable to ge
Page 171 and 172:
ut the Yippies’ signs supported a
Page 173 and 174:
craze, offering a special section o
Page 175 and 176:
efforts to bring performances to th
Page 177 and 178:
commentary in the East Village Othe
Page 179 and 180:
which Hoffman designated as ‘medi
Page 181 and 182:
already in Chicago, and prepared to
Page 183 and 184:
Even though many of the demonstrato
Page 185 and 186:
with a fire-cracker throwing crowd
Page 187 and 188:
Hilton to interview passing delegat
Page 189 and 190:
political positions, merged to form
Page 191 and 192:
protest against the order, rules, a
Page 193 and 194:
experience the performance event wi
Page 195 and 196:
The Battle of Michigan Avenue was a
Page 197 and 198:
“It would take an inspired Artaud
Page 199 and 200:
The letters in the Johnson Library
Page 201 and 202:
watching” (Box 66). Korean War ve
Page 203 and 204:
members who felt that the Yippies g
Page 205 and 206:
Dismayed by his lack of action abou
Page 207 and 208:
night of the Battle of Michigan Ave
Page 209 and 210:
Chapter FourFlash Mobs: The Yippie
Page 211 and 212:
that is, they were political only t
Page 213 and 214:
as their primary political and cult
Page 215 and 216:
1969, “Four Days of Rage” campa
Page 217 and 218:
The Festival of Life and the ensuin
Page 219 and 220:
The Yippies’ revolutionary action
Page 221 and 222:
Glasgow, Rome, Vienna, Berlin, Sydn
Page 223 and 224:
and social conventions: flash mobs
Page 225 and 226:
social behaviors, and the technolog
Page 227 and 228:
organized by anyone with access to
Page 229 and 230:
advantage of the dramaturgy of prot
Page 231 and 232:
Yet the insider/outsider dynamic of
Page 233 and 234:
List of AbbreviationsCOREFBIHUACLBJ
Page 235 and 236:
Letter, Roger Light to the Presiden
Page 237 and 238:
Telegram, Marjorie Satthoff to the
Page 239 and 240:
Brown, Joe David, ed. The Hippies.
Page 241 and 242:
Editorial. Chicago Tribune. 29 Aug.
Page 243 and 244:
Higgins, Dick. “The Origin of the
Page 245 and 246:
Karastamatis, John. “Don’t Star
Page 247 and 248:
McMillian, John. “Garbage Guerril
Page 249 and 250:
Rosenberg, Bernard. “Chicago: Blo
Page 251 and 252:
Stewart, M. J. F. and Davis, Lisa.
Page 253:
VITASusanne Elizabeth Shawyer was b
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