Islam's Reformers .pdf

Damascus.’“It is declared in a hadîth, ‘Up to the twelfth Khalîfa, Islamwill be held in high esteem. They all will belong to theQuraish.’ More than half of these twelve Khalîfa, who werepraised in this hadîth, were the Umayyad Khalîfa. It is declaredin a hadîth reported by Ibn Mâja, ‘People with a black flag willcome from the east, and they will fight the Arabs. Obeytheir Khalîfas! They are the Khalîfas guiding to the rightpath!’ This hadîth and the like praise the Abbâsid Khalîfas... [1]“A Khalîfa who carried on Rasûlullah’s (’alaihi ’s-salâm) taskof guidance as he had done was called khalîfat râshida. Thesewere perfect, real Khalîfas. A Khalîfa who did not carry out thistask precisely and who did not obey Islam was called khalîfatjâbira... [2]“Rasûlullah’s (’alaihi ’s-salâm) task of guidance containedthree levels. The first level was to have Allâhu ta’âlâ’scommands and prohibitions obeyed by using power and force.This is called ‘sultanate’. His second task was to teach Hiscommands and prohibitions. His third task called ‘ihsân’ was topurify the heart. Al-Khulafâ’ ar-râshidîn were successful in allthese three levels. Those who succeeded them managed onlythe task of sultanate. The task of teaching was given to theimâms of madhhabs, and the task of ihsân was given to thegreat men of Tasawwuf.” [3]“VII: Yazîd ibn Mu’âwiya became Khalîfa in 60 and died fouryears later in Hawwârin, which is located between Damascusand Tadmur. He was buried there. (23-64)“VII: Mu’âwiya II ibn Yazîd was very intelligent, very piousand very just. He resigned from caliphate after forty days. (44-64)“IX: Marwan ibn Hakam was a fiqh scholar. He was veryclever and very intelligent. He read the Qur’ân very beautifully.He abstained from sins and feared Allâhu ta’âlâ very much. Hewas the beloved son-in-law of Hadrat ’Uthmân (radiy-Allâhu[1] Ibid, p. 601.[2] Ibid, v. II, p. 330.[3] Ibid, p. 342. A hadîth written on its 567th page calls such a Khalîfa“Malik al-adûd”, who has been called “Khalîfa” symbolically. Thekhulafâ’ al-jâbira came next.- 168 -