Islam's Reformers .pdf

differences. It is the only way out to remove these differencesthrough the principles of Islam.”He attributes these exaggerations, which he likes very muchand, his mouth watering, praises excessively, to Shâh Walî-Allah. He makes that great scholar a false witness for himself.These slanders reveal his real purpose and unmask his realmotives. Hadrat Walî-Allah, however, wrote in the preface of hisfamous work Izâlat al-khafâ:“Most of the rules declared in the Qur’ân are concise. Theycannot be solved or understood without the explanation of theSalaf as-Sâlihîn. Most of those hadîths reported by one personcannot be documents unless they were reported by severalSalaf as-Sâlihîn and unless the mujtahids derived rules fromthem. If those great people had not worked so hard, the hadîthsthat seemed to disagree with one another could not have beenbrought together. Likewise, unless all the branches of religiousknowledge, such as ’ilm al-qirâ’a, ’ilm at-tafsîr, ’ilm al-’aqâ’idand ’ilm as-sulûk, come from those great people, they cannotbe documents. In all these branches of knowledge, as-Sahâbawere the source for the Salaf as-Sâlihîn and shed light on theirway. The pillar to which the Salaf as-Sâlihîn held on is the cuffsof the Khulafâ’ ar-râshidîn. The person who breaks this origin,this pillar, will be demolishing the entire religious knowledge.”Shâh Walî-Allah further wrote: “For being a mujtahid, it isnecessary to know the majority of the detailed documentationfrom the Qur’ân, Hadîth, ijmâ’, and from the qiyâs of theknowledge of fiqh. The mujtahid has to know the document ofevery rule and form a firm opinion about the documents. Beinga mujtahid in this time requires being specialized in thefollowing five branches of knowledge: ’ilm-i kitâb qirâ’atan watafsîran; ’ilm al-hadîth, that is, to know each hadîth together withits documents and to recognize the da’îf hadîth and the sahîhhadîth immediately; the third one is ’ilm al-aqâwîl as-Salaf, thatis, to know what the Salaf as-Sâlihîn said about each matter sothat you will not go out of ijmâ’, so that you will not swerve tothe third way if there were two different decisions on a matter;the fourth one is ’ilm al-’arabiyya, i.e., Arabic with branches oflughat, nahw, [mantiq, bayân, ma’ânî, balâgha,] etc; the fifthone is ’ilm at-turuq al-istinbât wa wujûh at-tatbiq bain almukhtalifain.Such a profoundly learned scholar is called amujtahid. Such a scholar ponders very hard on every small- 183 -