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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 11-15, 2013 STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON FLOWERING , CORM AND CORMEL PRODUCTION IN GLADIOLUS (gladiolus grandiflorus L.) CV. WHITE PROSPERITY G.V. SUBBA REDDY, M.B. NAGESWARARAO, K. UMAJYOTHI and K. SASIKALA Horticulture College and Research Institute Dr.Y.S.R. Horticulture University, Venkataramannagudem - 534 101 Date of Receipt : 22.09.2012 Date of Acceptance : 12.03.2013 ABSTRACT The present studies the effect of plant growth regulators on flowering, corm and cormel production in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) Cv. White Prosperity were carried out during 2010-2011at Horticulture College and Research Institute, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticulture University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavri district in randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. Among the floral parameters, TIBA at 150 ppm recorded minimum number of days to first floret appearance (82.56 days), and 50 percent flowering (90.93 days). Similarly BA at 100 ppm recorded maximum number of spikes per corm (1.40). However, higher mean spike length (137.98 cm) and number of florets per spike (14.06) were recorded with GA 3 at 100 ppm. The minimum spike length and number of florets were observed with TIBA at 150 ppm. In case of corm and cormel parameters, GA 3 at 100 ppm recorded maximum corm size and weight while BA at 100 ppm recorded maximum number of cormels .m (29.75) and cormel weight per corm (14.00 g) with highest propagation coefficient (194.20). INTRODUCTION Gladiolus Gladiolus grandiflorus L. is popularly known as ‘Queen of the bulbous flowers’ because of attractive spikes, having florets of different colours and better keeping quality for 7 to 10 days. It is also known as “Sword lily” because of the shape of its leaves. Availability of gladiolus cut flowers round the year helps in better flower production and marketing on commercial basis. In recent years, it was found that growth regulators play an important role in regulating the flower production in Gladiolus to catch the early and late demands in the cut flower market (Bhattacharjee, 1984 and Sharma et al., 1995). MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 at Horticulture college and Research Institute, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticulture University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District. The experiment, spraying of plant growth regulators at different concentrations viz. GA 3 (100, 150 ppm), NAA (200, 250 ppm), BA (50, 100 ppm) and TIBA ( 75, 150 ppm) six weeks after planting and the experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Five plants were randomly selected and tagged from the net plot area in each treatment and replication for the purpose of recording the biometric observations 40,60 and 80 days after planting. The data was analyzed using computer software programme by the method of variance outlined by Panse and Sukhatme (1978).Statistical significance was tested by F value at 5 per cent level of significance. Critical difference at 0.05 level was worked out for the effects that were significant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Among the plant growth regulators, TIBA promoted earliness in flowering, however, the plant growth regulators viz. GA 3 ,NAA and BA delayed the flowering. Delayed flowering was due to delay in flower bud differentiation and excess vegetative growth. The early flowering in growth retardant treated plants might be due to the fact that such plants might have built up sufficient food reserves at initial stages. These reserve food could have been utilized for reproductive growth with the restriction in vegetative growth. The present findings were in accordance with Ravidas et al. (1992) and Devi et al. (2007) in gladiolus. Activity of GA 3 to delay flowering correlates with effectiveness for promoting stem elongation (King et al., 1993). Treatments with low concentrations, which showed minimum leaf area during early growth stage, delayed flowering significantly. This suggests that certain leaf area threshold constant is required as an inductive factor for flowering in gladiolus. This view gets support email: gajjela.horti05@gmail.com 11
SUBBA REDDY et al from the observations of Ravidas et al. (1992), Devi et al. (2007) and Kumar et al. (2007) in gladiolus. GA 3 , NAA and BA at different concentrations significantly increased the mean spike length, number of florets and number of spikes per plant. These treatments were consistent and equally effective in increasing the leaf area almost during the entire crop growth period. The increase in leaf area thereby increased the assimilate synthesis, might have contributed to increase in spike length by these treatments. The increased spike length with GA 3 might be due to rapid inter nodal elongation as a result of increased cell division and cell elongation in the intercalary meristem. As GA 3 promotes vegetative growth and increases the photosynthetic and metabolic activities causing more transport and utilization of photosynthetic products this might have resulted in increased spike length. Mukhopadhyay and Banker (1986) also reported significant increase in spike length with GA 3 in the gladiolus cv. Friendship. Similar results were also reported by Ravidas et al. (1992), Devi et al. (2007), Rajesh Bhalla and Ajay Kumar (2007). Flower inducing ability of BA was reported by several workers under in vitro as well as in vivo conditions. Induction of flowering may be due to its ability to alter the assimilate distribution (Ogawa and King, 1994) i.e. the theory of nutrient diversion (Sachs et al., 1979). TIBA recorded minimum spike length. Reduced spike length with TIBA might be due to its ability to inhibit polar transport of auxins in cell elongation and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. This view gets support from the observations of Ravidas et al. (1992) and Devi et al. (2007) in gladiolus. Number of florets per spike was maximum with GA 3 , NAA and BA treatments. The lowest number of florets were recorded with TIBA. Increase in number of florets per spike with GA 3 treatments in gladiolus have been reported by Rajesh Bhalla and Ajay Kumar (2007), Dataram et al. (2001) and PranavRana et al. (2005), who obtained the highest number of florets per spike by application of GA 3 at 100 ppm. NAA treatments resulted in production of maximum number of florets per spike which might be due to short inter nodel length. The lowest number of florets per spike with TIBA might be due to reduced plant height and spike length. Devi et al. (2007) also reported similar results while investigating with NAA and TIBA in gladiolus. Results from the present study indicated that the number of replacement corms per mother corm was significantly highest in GA 3 followed by BA and NAA. PranavRana et al. (2005) reported similar results with GA 3 treatments (100,250 and 500 ppm) in gladiolus. Singh et al. (2002) also noticed highest number of corms per plant by with GA 3 followed by NAA at 200 ppm and BA at 100 ppm treatments in gladiolus. TIBA recorded the lowest number of replacement corms per mother corm. Devi et al. (2007) also reported similar results with GA 3 , NAA and TIBA in gladiolus. Gladiolus has two sources for planting viz. corm and cormel which can serve as reserve food material in the initial stages, and photosynthesizing leaves in later stages. Likewise it has two competing sinks,viz., flower spike and the developing corm and cormels. Plant growth regulators in all the concentrations recorded maximum number of replacement corms, cormels and propagation coefficient. They might have promoted the sink activity of developing corm and cormels at the expense of flower spike, which may be the reason for increase in number of corms and cormels. Similar results were also observed by Tawar et al. (2007) in gladiolus. The increase in size and weight of corms with the application of plant growth regulators could be attributed to the ability to increase the number of leaves which in turn increased the photosynthesis and photosynthetic assimilates. These assimilates were transported to the daughter corms, thereby, increasing their size and weight. Supportively, lowest values for corm weight were recorded with control. Similar results of increase in size and weight of gladiolus corms have been reported by Maurya and Nagda (2002), Umarao et al. (2007 b) and Vijay Kumar and Singh (2008). The data on number and weight of cormels per corm revealed that both the parameters differed significantly due to plant growth regulator treatments. Among the plant growth regulator treatments, more number and maximum weight of cormels per corm were recorded with BA, followed by TIBA , GA 3 and NAA. Tawar et al.(2007) and Havale et al. (2008) have reported that BA 50 ppm recorded the highest values for number of corms and cormels, weight of corms and cormels. Maximum number of cormels and weight of cormels was with 12
Page 2 and 3: CONTENTS PART I : PLANT SCIENCE Ads
Page 4 and 5: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 1-10, 2013 ADSO
Page 6 and 7: ADSORPTION DESORPTION OF PENDIMETHA
Page 16 and 17: STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROW
Page 18 and 19: STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROW
Page 20 and 21: PERFORMANCE OF DRUM SEEDER IN DIREC
Page 22 and 23: PERFORMANCE OF DRUM SEEDER IN DIREC
Page 24 and 25: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 21-25, 2013 EFF
Page 26 and 27: EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS AND TIME OF
Page 28 and 29: EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS AND TIME OF
Page 30 and 31: ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN
Page 36 and 37: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 33-41, 2013 EST
Page 38 and 39: ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS FOR YIELD A
Page 46 and 47: INTEGRATED EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE
Page 48 and 49: INTEGRATED EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE
Page 50 and 51: SCREENING OF LOCAL RHIZOBIAL ISOLAT
Page 56 and 57: CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Page 62 and 63: J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 59-67, 2013 IDE
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IDENTIFICATION OF SUPERIOR PARENTS
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EFFECT OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS
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EFFECT OF FEEDING COMPLETE FEED CON
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EFFECT OF FEEDING COMPLETE FEED CON
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EFFICACY OF CONTROLLED INTERNAL DRU
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EFFECT OF NSP ENZYMES AND PREBIOTIC
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HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROF
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HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROF
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INDIAN BREAD MAKING TOOLS - CONSUME
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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2)
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CROP COEFFICIENTS FOR DRIP AND CHEC
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STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATION
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EVALUATION OF DEFOLIANTS ON MUNGBEA
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YIELD, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND ECONOMIC
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YIELD, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND ECONOMIC
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NANO FOOD COLOURS FOR PRODUCT FORMU
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EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS ON GR
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EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS ON GR
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NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF MICROSPRINKLER I
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EFFECT OF SYNERGIST, TRIPHENYL PHOS
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EFFECT OF SYNERGIST, TRIPHENYL PHOS
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EFFECT OF HARVESTING STAGES AND DRY
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RESPONSE OF AEROBIC RICE TO IRRIGAT
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RESPONSE OF AEROBIC RICE TO IRRIGAT
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DRIP IRRIGATION SCHEDULE FOR CASTOR
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CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH COEF
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CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH COEF
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Statement about ownership and other
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GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF M
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ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSIDER
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