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Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 141-143, 2013 EFFECT OF HARVESTING STAGES AND DRYING METHODS ON ALKALOID CONTENT IN MAKOI Solanum Nigrum L. P.BRAHMA SAI, B.AMARESWARI and S.S VIJAYA PADMA College of Horticulture, Dr.YSR Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030 Date of Receipt : 03.10.2012 Date of Acceptance : 12.03.2013 Medicinal plants have been used to cure human ailments since ancient times. However, today we find a renewed interest in traditional medicine. Black nightshade (Solanum nigrun L.), is an annual herb belonging to the family Solanaceae. The leaves, berries and the whole herb of this plant are economically important. The alkaloids, á- solamargine and á-solasodine have been isolated and identified from the green, unripe fruits (Ridout et al., 1989). The berries also contain four steroidal glycol-alkaloids like á-solanigrine, â-solanigrine, solanourgine and solarodine. The total alkaloid content of the fruits and leaves is 0.101 and 0.431 percent, respectively . The solasodine content of diploid(0.04%) and tetraploid forms (0.06%) of Solanum nigrum have also been reported (Banik et al.,1990). However, no information is available with regard to appropriate harvesting stage and effect of drying and storage practices on alkaloid content of makoi under Hyderabad conditions. Hence, in the present investigation, it is proposed to identify the correct stage of harvesting and appropriate drying methods to obtain maximum amount of alkaloid recovery per unit area. A field experiment was carried out to study, the effect of harvesting stages and drying methods on alkaloid content of Solanum nigrum L. at College of Horticulture, Rajendra nagar, Hyderabad, A.P during December 2009 to May 2010. The experimental area was ploughed, harrowed and brought to a fine tilth. Weeds and stubbles were removed and clods were crushed. The land was divided into plots (3.0m x 2.25 m) with bunds of 45 cm were laid out as per plan. Individual plots were leveled and FYM was applied to each plot and mixed thoroughly with the soil. Ridges and furrows were made at 60 cm apart. The recommended dose of NPK was supplied in the form of straight fertilizers. N in the form of Urea, P in the form of Single Super Phosphate and K in the form Murate of Potash. Of these nutrients, 50% N, full dose of P and K were supplied as basal dose just before transplanting. Remaining 50% N was applied as top dressing at 30 days after transplanting. The fertilizers were applied in the furrows and mixed thoroughly with the soil. The soil of the experimental site has been categorized as red sandy loam. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted of four harvesting stages viz., 100% flowering stage, Fruiting stage, Mature green berry stage and Berry ripening stage and three drying methods viz., Sun drying, Shade drying and Oven drying at 45 0 C ± 1 0 C, there were 12 treatment combinations ( Table 1) employed in this study. Alkaloid yield in main and ratoon crop The observations recorded on alkaloid yield per hectare as influenced by harvesting stages and drying methods in main crop has been presented in Table 2. Harvesting the crop at mature green berry stage recorded highest alkaloid yield (48.96 kg ha -1 ) which differed significantly with other stages of harvesting and the least alkaloid yield (4.03 kg ha -1 ) was recorded when the plants were harvested at 100% flowering stage. Among drying methods significant difference were noticed, where in maximum mean alkaloid yield (30.21 kg ha -1 ) was obtained by shade drying (D 2 ), minimum (17.62 kg ha -1 ) when dried under sun(D 1 ). email: brahmasai08@gmail.com 141
BRAHMA et al Table 1. Details of treatments imposed Treatment Combination of treatments T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 11 T 12 H 1 D 1 (100% Flowering stage + Sun drying) H 1 D 2 (100% Flowering stage + Shade drying) H 1 D 3 (100% Flowering stage + Oven drying) H 2 D 1 (Fruiting stage + Sun drying) H 2 D 2 (Fruiting stage + Shade drying) H 2 D 3 (Fruiting stage + Oven drying) H 3 D 1 (Mature green berry stage + Sun drying) H 3 D 2 (Mature green berry stage + Shade drying) H 3 D 3 (Mature green berry stage + Oven drying) H 4 D 1 (Berry ripening stage + Sun drying) H 4 D 2 (Berry ripening stage + Shade drying) H 4 D 3 (Berry ripening stage + Oven drying) Table 2. Effect of harvesting stages and drying methods on alkaloid content in main crop (dry) (kg/ha) of makoi Solanum nigrum L. Treatment D 1 D 2 D 3 Mean H 1 2.25 5.90 3.95 4.03 H 2 8.93 25.04 16.46 16.81 H 3 44.88 53.95 48.05 48.96 H 4 14.44 35.98 23.82 24.74 Mean 17.62 30.21 23.07 23.63 F-test SEm CD@5% H * 0.52 1.55 D * 0.45 1.34 H×D * 0.91 2.68 The perusal of data presented in Table 3 indicates that of alkaloid yield in ratoon crop as influenced by harvesting stages and drying methods followed same trend as in the main crop. Makoi crop harvested at 100% flowering stage that gave lowest alkaloid yield (1.93kg ha -1 ) has differed significantly with the crop harvested at mature green berry stage that registered maximum alkaloid yield 142
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CONTENTS PART I : PLANT SCIENCE Ads
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 1-10, 2013 ADSO
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ADSORPTION DESORPTION OF PENDIMETHA
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 11-15, 2013 STU
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STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROW
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STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROW
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PERFORMANCE OF DRUM SEEDER IN DIREC
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PERFORMANCE OF DRUM SEEDER IN DIREC
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 21-25, 2013 EFF
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EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS AND TIME OF
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EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS AND TIME OF
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ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 33-41, 2013 EST
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ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS FOR YIELD A
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INTEGRATED EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE
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INTEGRATED EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE
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SCREENING OF LOCAL RHIZOBIAL ISOLAT
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CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION
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J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2) 59-67, 2013 IDE
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IDENTIFICATION OF SUPERIOR PARENTS
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EFFECT OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS
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EFFECT OF FEEDING COMPLETE FEED CON
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EFFECT OF FEEDING COMPLETE FEED CON
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EFFICACY OF CONTROLLED INTERNAL DRU
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EFFECT OF NSP ENZYMES AND PREBIOTIC
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EFFECT OF NSP ENZYMES AND PREBIOTIC
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Page 100 and 101: HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROF
Page 102 and 103: HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROF
Page 104 and 105: INDIAN BREAD MAKING TOOLS - CONSUME
Page 110 and 111: Research Notes J.Res. ANGRAU 41(2)
Page 112 and 113: CROP COEFFICIENTS FOR DRIP AND CHEC
Page 116 and 117: STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATION
Page 120 and 121: EVALUATION OF DEFOLIANTS ON MUNGBEA
Page 122 and 123: YIELD, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND ECONOMIC
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Page 128 and 129: NANO FOOD COLOURS FOR PRODUCT FORMU
Page 130 and 131: EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILISERS ON GR
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Page 136 and 137: NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF MICROSPRINKLER I
Page 140 and 141: EFFECT OF SYNERGIST, TRIPHENYL PHOS
Page 142 and 143: EFFECT OF SYNERGIST, TRIPHENYL PHOS
Page 146 and 147: EFFECT OF HARVESTING STAGES AND DRY
Page 148 and 149: RESPONSE OF AEROBIC RICE TO IRRIGAT
Page 150 and 151: RESPONSE OF AEROBIC RICE TO IRRIGAT
Page 154 and 155: DRIP IRRIGATION SCHEDULE FOR CASTOR
Page 158 and 159: CHARACTER ASSOCIATION AND PATH COEF
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Page 164 and 165: GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF M
Page 166: ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSIDER
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