MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM

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Figure 21 shows the number of foreign fighters by region. Fighters have travelled to Iraq and Syria from every one of the nine world regions. There has been significant concern from Western governments about the high numbers of individuals joining armed groups in Iraq and Syria and the potential for returnees to carry out terrorist attacks in their home countries. 10 Figure 22 estimates the total number of foreign fighters in Iraq and Syria at three different dates: the end of 2013, mid-2014 and mid-2015. NUMBER OF FOREIGN FIGHTERS FIGURE 21 FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA BY REGION OF ORIGIN, 2015 The majority of foreign fighters in Iraq and Syria come from the Middle East and North Africa. Western countries include Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia. 15,000 13,000 11,000 9,000 7,000 5,000 Highest reported estimate, alternative sources, through October 2015 High-end estimate, ICSR, as of mid-2014 Conservative estimate, ICSR, as of mid-2014 NUMBER OF FOREIGN FIGHTERS FIGURE 22 CUMULATIVE TOTAL OF FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA, 2013 TO 2015 The total number of foreign fighters believed to have joined armed groups in Iraq and Syria more than doubled from December 2013 to October 2015. Figures are cumulative totals. Numbers are estimates only based on IEP calculations from a variety of sources. 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 3,000 5,000 1,000 - 2013 2014 Mid-2015 MENA Western countries Rest of the world DATE OF ESTIMATE Source: IEP, ICSR Source: IEP, ICSR There has been significant concern from Western governments about the high numbers of individuals joining armed groups in Iraq and Syria and the potential for returnees to carry out terrorist attacks in their home countries. GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015 | Trends 48
TERRORISM IN WESTERN COUNTRIES Over the last 15 years there have been a number of large and devastating terrorist attacks in Western countries. This includes the September 11 attacks which killed 2,996 people, the Madrid train bombings which killed 191, the Norwegian massacre which killed 77 and the London bombings which killed 56. However, it is important to compare these significant events with the more persistent and severe impacts of terrorism occurring in the rest of the world. Attacks in Western countries accounted for a small percentage incidents, representing 4.4 per cent of terrorist incidents and 2.6 per cent of deaths over the last 15 years. The four large attacks listed above make up 91 per cent of deaths from terrorism in the West during this period. GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015 | Terrorism in Western Countries 49
Page 1 and 2: MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMP
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 ABOUT
Page 5 and 6: The report highlights the striking
Page 7 and 8: Terrorism in Western Countries 3 Th
Page 9 and 10: In addition to this baseline defini
Page 11 and 12: RESULTS The 2015 Global Terrorism I
Page 13 and 14: 40 Paraguay 4.094 50 Ethiopia 3.544
Page 15 and 16: DATE COUNTRY CITY FATALITIES / INJU
Page 17 and 18: TABLE 1 NUMBER OF YEARS A COUNTRY H
Page 19 and 20: INCREASING SPREAD OF TERRORISM One
Page 21 and 22: The country with the second largest
Page 23 and 24: AFGHANISTAN INCIDENTS 1,591 PROPERT
Page 25 and 26: PAKISTAN INCIDENTS 1,821 PROPERTY D
Page 27 and 28: INDIA INCIDENTS 763 DEAD 416 PROPER
Page 29 and 30: SOMALIA INCIDENTS DEAD 469 801 PROP
Page 31 and 32: THAILAND INCIDENTS DEAD 156 366 654
Page 33 and 34: FIGURE 8 CITIES WITH HIGHEST HOMICI
Page 35 and 36: TRENDS Over the last 15 years, more
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 10 NUMBER OF ATTACKS AND DEA
Page 39 and 40: 2014, 50 Sunni Muslim civilians wer
Page 41 and 42: TERRORISM & ONGOING CONFLICT The fi
Page 43 and 44: THE FIVE MOST DEADLY TERRORIST GROU
Page 45 and 46: convoy with members of the British
Page 47 and 48: FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ & SYRIA Th
Page 49: FIGURE 20 FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ
Page 53 and 54: TABLE 3 DEATHS FROM TERRORISM IN 20
Page 55 and 56: FIGURE 24 PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE IN W
Page 57 and 58: The largest category of lone wolf a
Page 59 and 60: FIGURE 28 DEATHS BY LONE WOLF TERRO
Page 61 and 62: TERRORISM & THE REFUGEE CRISIS The
Page 63 and 64: ECONOMIC COSTS OF TERRORISM The glo
Page 65 and 66: FIGURE 34 THE COSTS OF TERRORISM, U
Page 67 and 68: FIGURE 35 COSTS OF TERRORISM COMPAR
Page 69 and 70: CORRELATES & DRIVERS OF TERRORISM I
Page 71 and 72: In OECD countries, socio-economic f
Page 73 and 74: THE LINK BETWEEN ONGOING CONFLICT &
Page 75 and 76: WHY INDIVIDUALS BECOME FOREIGN FIGH
Page 77 and 78: FIGURE 42 SYSTEMS MAP OF GTI CORREL
Page 79 and 80: colonel in the intelligence service
Page 81 and 82: as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Sound
Page 83 and 84: statistics. As they were no longer
Page 85 and 86: MIGRATION, VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND TE
Page 87 and 88: community engagement and resilience
Page 89 and 90: The internet is just one of the way
Page 91 and 92: ANNEXES GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015
Page 93 and 94: GTI RANK COUNTRY 2015 GTI SCORE (OU
Page 95 and 96: ANNEX B 50 WORST TERRORIST ATTACKS
Page 97 and 98: ANNEX C GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX METH
Page 99 and 100: COMPARING THE GLOBAL TERRORISM DATA
Page 101 and 102:
ANNEX E ECONOMIC COSTS OF TERRORISM
Page 103 and 104:
CATEGORY SOURCE INDICATOR GLOBAL OE
Page 105 and 106:
CATEGORY SOURCE INDICATOR GLOBAL OE
Page 107 and 108:
END NOTES 1. Global Terrorism Datab
Page 109 and 110:
49. Sources for the foreign fighter
Page 111:
NOV 2015 / IEP REPORT 36 ISBN 978-0
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MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM

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