MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM

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FIGURE 30 NUMBER OF LONE WOLF TERRORIST ATTACK IN THE WEST BY MOTIVATION, 2006–2014 Islamic fundamentalism was not the major motivation for lone wolf terrorism in 2014. 14 Political Islamic fundamentalism 12 10 Racial and religious supremacists Individual issues ATTACKS 8 6 4 2 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: IEP Lone Wolf Database, START GTD Islamic fundamentalism was not the major motivation for lone wolf terrorist attacks in 2014. GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015 | Terrorism in Western Countries 58
TERRORISM & THE REFUGEE CRISIS The countries with the highest number of deaths as a result of terrorism also have some of the highest levels of internally displaced people. There were over 16 million refugees and IDPs from the five countries with the highest levels of terrorism in 2014. This includes Syria, which has over seven million IDPs. Approximately 70 per cent of the UN Refugee Agency’s total population of concern came from the 20 countries with the highest number of terrorism-related fatalities. The link between refugees and IDPs and terrorism appears even starker in figure 31. There were 11 countries that had more than 500 deaths from terrorism in 2014. Apart from Cameroon, all of these countries had the highest levels of refugees and IDPs in the world. Cameroon ranked as having the 30 highest levels of refugees and IDPs in the world. The world’s 60 million displaced people are fleeing traditional armed conflict, political persecution and other forms of violence in addition to terrorism. Figure 33 highlights the number of first-time asylum seeker applications to the EU for four countries of the five countries with the highest deaths from terrorism. These four countries are all accessible to Europe by land: Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria. Each county had more first-time asylum applications lodged in the first seven months of 2015 than in all of 2014. While Europe struggles to accommodate the recent influx of arrivals, Turkey, Pakistan and Lebanon continue to host nearly one third of the world’s refugees, or 4.25 million displaced people. Figure 32 highlights the foreign refugee populations in 2014. Amidst the recent rise in displacement, concerns have surfaced about the link between refugees and future acts of terrorism, with Western countries expressing fears that accepting refugees will leave them vulnerable to violence. Anecdotal evidence suggests that refugee camps and their associated conditions of poverty, insecurity and vulnerability can serve as so-called breeding grounds for terrorism. . Of the ten countries which host the most refugees only one country, Pakistan, had among the highest levels of terrorism. Turkey, Lebanon and Iran are all impacted by regional conflict and yet had fewer terrorismrelated fatalities than many countries which do not host large numbers of refugees. Germany, the country with the second largest refugee intake in Europe, has not had a death from terrorism since 2007. BOX 3 THE 2015 REFUGEE CRISIS At the start of 2015, nearly 60 million people worldwide were displaced from their homes by violence and violent conflict, including terrorism. This is the highest number of forcibly displaced people since the end of the Second World War. There are 12 million refugees and IDPs from Syria alone, more than half of the Syrian population. The majority of Syrian refugees have fled to the neighbouring countries of Turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan and Iraq. In the first seven months of 2015 the number of first-time asylum seeker applications in the EU reached 1.9 million. This is four times the figure for the entire year of 2008. However, these applications represent just three per cent of the world’s displaced people. As the refugee camps in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey filled and winter ended, hundreds of thousands of Syrians embarked on international journeys to seek safety in European countries. From January until August 2015 there have been nearly half a million Syrians applying for asylum in Europe. They are joined by a half million Afghanis, Iraqis, Pakistanis and Nigerians. As violent conflicts and terrorism continue in Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan and Nigeria, the flow of migrants seeking refuge in Europe is likely to continue. GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015 | Terrorism in Western Countries 59
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MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMP
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 ABOUT
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The report highlights the striking
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Terrorism in Western Countries 3 Th
Page 9 and 10: In addition to this baseline defini
Page 11 and 12: RESULTS The 2015 Global Terrorism I
Page 13 and 14: 40 Paraguay 4.094 50 Ethiopia 3.544
Page 15 and 16: DATE COUNTRY CITY FATALITIES / INJU
Page 17 and 18: TABLE 1 NUMBER OF YEARS A COUNTRY H
Page 19 and 20: INCREASING SPREAD OF TERRORISM One
Page 21 and 22: The country with the second largest
Page 23 and 24: AFGHANISTAN INCIDENTS 1,591 PROPERT
Page 25 and 26: PAKISTAN INCIDENTS 1,821 PROPERTY D
Page 27 and 28: INDIA INCIDENTS 763 DEAD 416 PROPER
Page 29 and 30: SOMALIA INCIDENTS DEAD 469 801 PROP
Page 31 and 32: THAILAND INCIDENTS DEAD 156 366 654
Page 33 and 34: FIGURE 8 CITIES WITH HIGHEST HOMICI
Page 35 and 36: TRENDS Over the last 15 years, more
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 10 NUMBER OF ATTACKS AND DEA
Page 39 and 40: 2014, 50 Sunni Muslim civilians wer
Page 41 and 42: TERRORISM & ONGOING CONFLICT The fi
Page 43 and 44: THE FIVE MOST DEADLY TERRORIST GROU
Page 45 and 46: convoy with members of the British
Page 47 and 48: FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ & SYRIA Th
Page 49 and 50: FIGURE 20 FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ
Page 51 and 52: TERRORISM IN WESTERN COUNTRIES Over
Page 53 and 54: TABLE 3 DEATHS FROM TERRORISM IN 20
Page 55 and 56: FIGURE 24 PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE IN W
Page 57 and 58: The largest category of lone wolf a
Page 59: FIGURE 28 DEATHS BY LONE WOLF TERRO
Page 63 and 64: ECONOMIC COSTS OF TERRORISM The glo
Page 65 and 66: FIGURE 34 THE COSTS OF TERRORISM, U
Page 67 and 68: FIGURE 35 COSTS OF TERRORISM COMPAR
Page 69 and 70: CORRELATES & DRIVERS OF TERRORISM I
Page 71 and 72: In OECD countries, socio-economic f
Page 73 and 74: THE LINK BETWEEN ONGOING CONFLICT &
Page 75 and 76: WHY INDIVIDUALS BECOME FOREIGN FIGH
Page 77 and 78: FIGURE 42 SYSTEMS MAP OF GTI CORREL
Page 79 and 80: colonel in the intelligence service
Page 81 and 82: as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Sound
Page 83 and 84: statistics. As they were no longer
Page 85 and 86: MIGRATION, VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND TE
Page 87 and 88: community engagement and resilience
Page 89 and 90: The internet is just one of the way
Page 91 and 92: ANNEXES GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015
Page 93 and 94: GTI RANK COUNTRY 2015 GTI SCORE (OU
Page 95 and 96: ANNEX B 50 WORST TERRORIST ATTACKS
Page 97 and 98: ANNEX C GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX METH
Page 99 and 100: COMPARING THE GLOBAL TERRORISM DATA
Page 101 and 102: ANNEX E ECONOMIC COSTS OF TERRORISM
Page 103 and 104: CATEGORY SOURCE INDICATOR GLOBAL OE
Page 105 and 106: CATEGORY SOURCE INDICATOR GLOBAL OE
Page 107 and 108: END NOTES 1. Global Terrorism Datab
Page 109 and 110: 49. Sources for the foreign fighter
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NOV 2015 / IEP REPORT 36 ISBN 978-0
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MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM

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