MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM

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TABLE 4 MOTIVATIONS OF LONE WOLF ATTACKS CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY DEFINITION Racial and religious supremacists Individual issues Islamic fundamentalism Political Anti-Islamic Anti-semitism White supremacist Individual issues Al-Qa'ida inspired ISIL inspired Jihadism Anti-American Anti-government Nationalists The target chosen purely because of their association with Islam. This includes attacks on mosques and retaliation attacks. Motivated by a prejudice against Jews. Motivated by a racist worldview and could include identification with views of the Nazi’s and the KKK. The attack is due to issues specific to an individual. This may involve a desire to gain attention, a particular dogma or actions relating to particular delusions stemming from the influence of drugs or a mental illness. Influenced by al-Qa’ida and undertook an attack without al-Qa’ida’s involvement to further the ideology of the group. Influenced by ISIL and undertook an attack without ISIL’s involvement to further the ideology of the group. Inspired by Islamic fundamentalism to engage in violence. The attacker may be inspired by a particular Islamist group, but is more focused on violent jihadism. Attack undertaken to express opposition to specific foreign policies or other actions by the United States and its allies. Anti-authoritarian motives for their attack including opposition towards the police, tax office, post office or other instruments of government. Anarchists are included in this category. The attacker was inspired by nationalism. This includes separatists. Political extremism Action undertaken to promote a particular political viewpoint. This may include stances of immigration, abortion, LGBT rights or any other view. It is extremist by definition due to the violence involved. were from the Boston Marathon bombing which killed three and injured 264 people. There were six attacks motivated by individual issues. Included in this category is a bombing in the Czech Republic which was considered a suicide, the activity of the Italian ‘Unabomber’ and bombings planted by an individual in the United States in 2014 which were intended to gain the attention of the FBI. Idiosyncratic lone wolf terrorists may operate for a long time, such as the Unabomber Ted Kaczynski who operated between 1978 and 1995. Political motivations for lone wolf terrorism accounted for 110 deaths out of 164 in the West. The biggest cause of death was political extremism which had a total of 87 deaths. The majority of these deaths were from the attack in Norway which killed 77 people. If the Norway attack is removed then political motivations for terrorism was ten deaths or six per cent of total deaths. Anti-government motivations were responsible for 13 deaths and anti-American motivations were behind eight attacks. Another motivation for lone wolf terrorism in the West was racial and religious supremacists. White supremacists killed 12, anti-semites killed eight, while people motivated by anti-Islamic attitudes killed one. There were at least 11 anti-Islamic attacks conducted by lone wolf terrorists, four of which happened in 2013 in the United Kingdom as part of the anti-Muslim backlash following the murder of soldier Lee Rigby on a London street by two Islamist extremists. Islamic fundamentalism as a motivation for terrorism was responsible for 31 deaths in the West. ISIL inspired attacks was the motivation behind five attacks and resulted in 11 deaths and al-Qa’ida inspired 14 incidents and killed seven. Overall, this accounts for 19 per cent of total deaths from lone wolf terrorism in the West. Since 2006 there have been at least 37 incidents of lone wolf terrorism motivated by political reasons, 27 attacks by racial and religious supremacists, 25 attacks by Islamic fundamentalists and eight attacks by people motivated by individual issues. Over half of politically motivated attacks occurred in the United States. Attacks motivated by Islamic fundamentalism spiked in 2010, mainly due to five attacks in the United States by a Marine Corps reservist inspired by al-Qa’ida who shot at various military targets throughout October. Racial and religious supremacists undertook four attacks targeting Jews in France in 2012 and four anti-Islamic attacks in 2014 in Germany and the United Kingdom. GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015 | Terrorism in Western Countries 56
FIGURE 28 DEATHS BY LONE WOLF TERRORISTS IN WESTERN COUNTRIES BY CATEGORY, 2006-2014 Sixty-seven per cent of deaths by lone wolf terrorism in the West are political in motivation. Political Islamic fundamentalism Racial and religious supremacists Individual issues 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS Source: IEP Lone Wolf Database, START GTD FIGURE 29 NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM LONE WOLF TERRORISTS IN THE WEST BY MOTIVATION, 2006–2014 Politically motivated terrorists acts account for the most number of deaths in the West. Lone wolf attacks motivated by Islamic fundamentalism accounted for 19 per cent of total deaths. 120 100 Norway attack 80 DEATHS 60 40 Nationalists Political extremism al-Qa'ida inspired Anti-Islamic 20 Anti-American ISIL inspired Anti-semitism Individual issues 0 Anti-government Political Jihadism Islamic fundamentalism White supremacist Racial and religious supremacists Individual issues Source: IEP Lone Wolf Database, START GTD GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015 | Terrorism in Western Countries 57
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MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMP
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 ABOUT
Page 5 and 6:
The report highlights the striking
Page 7 and 8: Terrorism in Western Countries 3 Th
Page 9 and 10: In addition to this baseline defini
Page 11 and 12: RESULTS The 2015 Global Terrorism I
Page 13 and 14: 40 Paraguay 4.094 50 Ethiopia 3.544
Page 15 and 16: DATE COUNTRY CITY FATALITIES / INJU
Page 17 and 18: TABLE 1 NUMBER OF YEARS A COUNTRY H
Page 19 and 20: INCREASING SPREAD OF TERRORISM One
Page 21 and 22: The country with the second largest
Page 23 and 24: AFGHANISTAN INCIDENTS 1,591 PROPERT
Page 25 and 26: PAKISTAN INCIDENTS 1,821 PROPERTY D
Page 27 and 28: INDIA INCIDENTS 763 DEAD 416 PROPER
Page 29 and 30: SOMALIA INCIDENTS DEAD 469 801 PROP
Page 31 and 32: THAILAND INCIDENTS DEAD 156 366 654
Page 33 and 34: FIGURE 8 CITIES WITH HIGHEST HOMICI
Page 35 and 36: TRENDS Over the last 15 years, more
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 10 NUMBER OF ATTACKS AND DEA
Page 39 and 40: 2014, 50 Sunni Muslim civilians wer
Page 41 and 42: TERRORISM & ONGOING CONFLICT The fi
Page 43 and 44: THE FIVE MOST DEADLY TERRORIST GROU
Page 45 and 46: convoy with members of the British
Page 47 and 48: FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ & SYRIA Th
Page 49 and 50: FIGURE 20 FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ
Page 51 and 52: TERRORISM IN WESTERN COUNTRIES Over
Page 53 and 54: TABLE 3 DEATHS FROM TERRORISM IN 20
Page 55 and 56: FIGURE 24 PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE IN W
Page 57: The largest category of lone wolf a
Page 61 and 62: TERRORISM & THE REFUGEE CRISIS The
Page 63 and 64: ECONOMIC COSTS OF TERRORISM The glo
Page 65 and 66: FIGURE 34 THE COSTS OF TERRORISM, U
Page 67 and 68: FIGURE 35 COSTS OF TERRORISM COMPAR
Page 69 and 70: CORRELATES & DRIVERS OF TERRORISM I
Page 71 and 72: In OECD countries, socio-economic f
Page 73 and 74: THE LINK BETWEEN ONGOING CONFLICT &
Page 75 and 76: WHY INDIVIDUALS BECOME FOREIGN FIGH
Page 77 and 78: FIGURE 42 SYSTEMS MAP OF GTI CORREL
Page 79 and 80: colonel in the intelligence service
Page 81 and 82: as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Sound
Page 83 and 84: statistics. As they were no longer
Page 85 and 86: MIGRATION, VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND TE
Page 87 and 88: community engagement and resilience
Page 89 and 90: The internet is just one of the way
Page 91 and 92: ANNEXES GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 2015
Page 93 and 94: GTI RANK COUNTRY 2015 GTI SCORE (OU
Page 95 and 96: ANNEX B 50 WORST TERRORIST ATTACKS
Page 97 and 98: ANNEX C GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX METH
Page 99 and 100: COMPARING THE GLOBAL TERRORISM DATA
Page 101 and 102: ANNEX E ECONOMIC COSTS OF TERRORISM
Page 103 and 104: CATEGORY SOURCE INDICATOR GLOBAL OE
Page 105 and 106: CATEGORY SOURCE INDICATOR GLOBAL OE
Page 107 and 108: END NOTES 1. Global Terrorism Datab
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49. Sources for the foreign fighter
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NOV 2015 / IEP REPORT 36 ISBN 978-0
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MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM

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