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Understanding API ICP653 Reading 7-Worksheet-04 Part1

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4.5 Tank Foundation Evaluation<br />

4.5.1 General - (causes of foundation deterioration):<br />

a. Settlement<br />

b. Erosion<br />

c. Cracking of concrete (i.e., calcining, underground water, frost, alkalies and<br />

acids).<br />

4.5.1.2 Description - concrete deterioration mechanisms.<br />

a. Calcining - (loss of water of hydration). Normally occurs when concrete<br />

has been exposed to high temperature for a period of time. During<br />

intermediate cooling periods, the concrete absorbs moisture, swells, loses<br />

its strength and cracks.<br />

b. Chemical attack: cyclic changes in temperature and by freezing moisture.<br />

c. Expansion in porous concrete caused by freezing moisture - Spalling or<br />

serious structural cracks.<br />

d. Concrete bond deterioration – Attack by sulfate-type alkalies or even<br />

chlorides.<br />

e. Temperature cracks (hairline with uniform width). Not Normally serious.*<br />

Potential moisture entry points with resulting corrosion of the reinforcing<br />

steel.<br />

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

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