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Riddles in Hinduism

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RIDDLES IN HINDUISM<br />

Let us now turn to the writ<strong>in</strong>gs called the Brahmanas and see what they have to say on this question.<br />

II<br />

The explanation given by the Sathpatha Brahmana is as follows : [Muir Sanskrit Texts Vol. I p. 17.]<br />

"(Utter<strong>in</strong>g) 'bhuh', Prajapati generated this earth. (Utter<strong>in</strong>g) ' bhuvah ' he generated the air, and (utter<strong>in</strong>g) ' svah<br />

", he generated the sky. This universe is co-extensive with these worlds. (The fire) is placed with the whole.<br />

Say<strong>in</strong>g ' bhuh ', Prajapati generated the Brahman; (say<strong>in</strong>g) ''bhuvah' he generated the Kshattra; (and say<strong>in</strong>g) '<br />

svah ', he generated the Vis. The fire is placed with the whole, (say<strong>in</strong>g) 'bhuh, Prajapati generated himself;<br />

(say<strong>in</strong>g) ' bhuvah " he generated offspr<strong>in</strong>g; (say<strong>in</strong>g) ' svah ', he generated animals. This world is so much as self,<br />

offspr<strong>in</strong>g, and animals. (The fire) is placed with the whole. "<br />

The Sathpatha Brahmana also gives another explanation. It reads as follows ' [ Muir ,Sanskrit Text Vol. I p. 20. ]:<br />

"Brahma (here, accord<strong>in</strong>g to the Commentator, exist<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the form of Agni, and represent<strong>in</strong>g the Brahman<br />

caste) was formerly this (universe), one only. Be<strong>in</strong>g one, it did not develop. It energetically created an excellent<br />

form, the Kshattra, viz., those among the gods who are powers (kshattrani), Indra, Varuna, Soma Rudra,<br />

Parjanya, Yama, Mrityu, Isana. Hence noth<strong>in</strong>g is superior to the Kshattra. Therefore the Brahman sits below the<br />

Kshattriya at the Rajasuya-sacrifice; he confers that glory on the Kshattra (the royal power). This, the Brahma, is<br />

the source of the Kshattra; hence, although the k<strong>in</strong>g atta<strong>in</strong>s supremacy, he at the end resorts to the Brahma as<br />

his source. Whoever destroys him (the Brahman) destroys his own source. He becomes most miserable, as one<br />

who has <strong>in</strong>jured a superior. 24. He did not develop. He created the Vis those classes of gods who are designated<br />

by troops, Vasus, Rudras, Adityas, Visvadevas, Maruts, 25. He did not develop. He created the Sudra class,<br />

Pushan. This earth is Pushan; for she nourishes all that exists. 26. He did not develop. He energetically created<br />

an excellent form. Justice (Dharma). This is the ruler (kshattra) of the ruler (kshattra), namely justice. Hence<br />

noth<strong>in</strong>g is superior to justice. Therefore the weaker seeks (to overcome) the stronger by justice, as by a k<strong>in</strong>g. This<br />

justice is truth. In consequence they say of a man who speaks truth, ' he speaks justice; ' or of a man who .is<br />

utter<strong>in</strong>g justice, 'he speaks truth.' For this is both of these. 27. This is the Brahma, Kshattra, Vis, and Sudra.<br />

Through Agni it became Brahma among the gods, the Brahman among men, through the (div<strong>in</strong>e) Kshatriya a<br />

(human) Kshattriya, through the (div<strong>in</strong>e) Vaisya a (human) Vaisya, through the (div<strong>in</strong>e) Sudra a (human) Sudra.<br />

Wherefore it is <strong>in</strong> Agni among the gods and <strong>in</strong> a Brahman among men, that they seek after an abode." The<br />

Taittiriya Brahmana offers three explanations. First is <strong>in</strong> the follow<strong>in</strong>g terms [Muir I p. 17.]<br />

" This entire (universe) has been created by Brahma. Men say that the Vaisya class was produced from Rickverses.<br />

They say that the Yajur-Veda is the womb from which the Kshattriya was born. The Sama-Veda is the<br />

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