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PLANNING PHASE TWO: ASSESS SITE Table 5-3 | Soil testing methods Common soil testing methods for the western United States (Horneck and others 1989; Munshower 1994; Teidemann and Lopez 2004). Note: Composts use a different set of tests due to high organic matter (see Section 10.1.4, Topsoil, and Section 10.1.5, Organic Matter Amendments). Tests Type Test Method Notes Boron Available Hot-Water Boron Available Aqueous extract of a soil paste Calcium, Magnesium Available Ammonium Acetate Calcium, Magnesium Available Aqueous extract of a soil paste In semi-arid to arid soils Molybdenum Available Ammonium oxalate-oxi acid extraction Nitrate Available Aqueous extract of a soil paste (Saturated paste) Accepted extrant for western soils Nitrate Available CaO extract & Cd reduction Nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) Nitrogen (Mineralizable) Available Slowly - Available KCL Extraction Anaerobic Incubation Nitrogen (Total) Total Kjeldahl N Nitrogen (Total) Total Combustion (Leco Instrument) Organic Matter Total Loss - Ignition Best used for soil high in or-ganic matter Organic Matter Total Walkley-Black Method Organic Matter Total Combustion (Leco Instrument) Reports out in Total C pH Aqueous extract of a soil paste (saturated paste) Phosphorus Available Olsen Sodium Bicarbonate For arid and semi-arid soils Phosphorus Available Dilute Acid-Flouride (Bray-P1) For mesic sites Phosphorus Available AB-DIPA Reports out at half the rates of Olsen method Potassium Available Sodium Acetate Potassium Available Olsen Sodium Bicarbonate For arid and semi-arid soils Potassium Available Ammonium Acetate Sodium Available Ammonium Acetate Displacement Sodium Available CTPA Sulfate Sulfur Available Aqueous extract of a soil paste (saturated paste) Sulfate Sulfer Available CaHPO4 & ICP Zinc, Copper, Manga-nese, Iron Available CTPA Iron is not performed in Oregon because not found deficient Roadside Revegetation: An Integrated Approach to Establishing Native Plants and Pollinator Habitat 96
PLANNING PHASE TWO: ASSESS SITE Mitigating for Low Nutrients Topsoil Salvaging and reapplying topsoil are important for restoring nutrients to pre-construction levels, especially on sensitive soils (e.g., serpentine and granitic soils). The depth to apply topsoil should be at levels found in undisturbed reference sites or pre-construction soils, or can be calculated by methods described in Figure 10.25 in Section 10.1.4, Topsoil. Compost Incorporating composts is a good method for increasing nutrients to pre-disturbance levels. Determining which type of compost to select and how much to apply is discussed in Section 10.1.5, Organic Matter Amendments. Fertilizers As discussed in Section 5.5.3, Soil Nitrogen and Carbon, fertilizers should be used within an overall nutrient strategy. See Section 10.1.1, Fertilizers, for a discussion on application methods, fertilizer types, timing, and other important aspects of fertilization. Biosolids Biosolids are rich in nutrients. If sources are available and transportation economical, this is a good way to add nutrients to disturbed sites. 5.5.5 PH AND SALTS pH is the measurement of soil acidity or alkalinity based on a logarithmic scale of 0 to 14. Soils with pH values below 7 are acidic, and those above 7 are basic. Basic soils have high amounts of bases (positively charged ions), such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and phosphates. Basic soils have developed under arid and semi-arid climates and are found throughout the Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, and portions of the Great Plains. Acidic soils have formed in wetter climates, where the continued movement of water through the soil profile has leached the bases from the soil. Acidic soils are common in the eastern United States, the coast range and mountains of the Pacific Northwest, and the Gulf states (Figure 5-36). Topsoils are typically more neutral when compared to underlying subsoil, whether the soils are acidic or basic. In some cases, the topsoil buffers the plant root systems from the underlying, inhospitable subsoil conditions. When topsoils are removed during construction, Figure 5-36 | Soil pH levels across the US The soils of the United States have a range of soil pH values, from less than 5.0 to greater than 8.0. Very basic soils (high pH) are widespread in areas of the United States that receive low rainfall. Acidic soils (low pH) occur in areas of very old soils common in the eastern United States or in areas of high rainfall common to the Pacific Northwest (http://www.bonap. org/2008_Soil/pH20110321.png). Roadside Revegetation: An Integrated Approach to Establishing Native Plants and Pollinator Habitat 97
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Roadside Revegetation An Integrated
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Roadside Revegetation: An Integrate
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 3— Initiation P
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.9 Pests 127 5.9
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 10.4 Post Install
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 3-5 | Exam
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 6-10 | Cas
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 10-91 | Se
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Insets Inset 2-1
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PREFACE In 1998, the Western Federa
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INTRODUCTION 1— Introduction 1.1
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INTRODUCTION 15 to 20 percent of th
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INTRODUCTION and others 2016, and c
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INTRODUCTION ◾◾ Integrate goals
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INTRODUCTION 1.5.2 WHAT ARE NATIVE
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1-9 | Roadside
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INTRODUCTION 1.6.1 INITIATION OVERV
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INITIATION PART ONE: COOPERATORS AN
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INITIATION PART TWO: ROAD PLANS AND
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT 4— Pla
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT Once rev
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT Revegeta
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT site on
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT The info
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PLANNING PHASE FOUR: INTEGRATE AND
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE PREFACE T
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE TABLE OF
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE BACKGROUN
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE BACKGROUN
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE REVEGETAT
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE NON-NATIV
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE SUCCESS C
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE APPROXIMA
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE APPENDIX
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE REFERENCE
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE REFERENCE
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IMPLEMENTATION 9.1 INTRODUCTION A s
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IMPLEMENTATION 9.3 REVIEW TREATMENT
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IMPLEMENTATION 9.4 DEVELOP CONTRACT
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IMPLEMENTATION 9.6 EXAMPLE STATEMEN
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IMPLEMENTATION an active role in pr
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IMPLEMENTATION addressed environmen
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10— Impleme
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10.1.1 FERTIL
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Areas adjacen
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Table 10.2 |
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES The nutrient
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES nutrient stra
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Fertilizer In
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES amendments, l
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES A general rul
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10.1.3 MULCHE
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES permeable or
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES and straw fro
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES mulch. If the
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES To avoid this
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES control, stra
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES (often less t
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES most topsoil
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10.1.5 ORGANI
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES rock fragment
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Carbon-to-Nit
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES be broadened
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Therefore, le
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES compaction an
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Pure Culture
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ Design
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES can be used.
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES harvesting, s
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES In Figure 10-
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES of the seed i
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES is conducted
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Project Name
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES variety of sp
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Inset 10-14 |
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Installation
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Special Treat
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Determine Tra
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES to the surfac
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES year, the see
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ Minimu
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES debris are se
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES A B Figure 10
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES production-or
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Restoration s
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ Approp
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Unbalanced or
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES You can get a
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES planters stan
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES uniformity is
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Seed drills c
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Each species
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES would have lo
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES seeds. Poorly
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ Some s
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Consideration
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES (1979) found
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Revegetation
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ Storag
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES During the hy
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES (Pezeshki and
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES inch) of soil
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES determine the
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES A B Figure 10
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES minimize the
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Planting - Pr
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES not secured w
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ High s
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10.4.5 IRRIGA
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES of water, the
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Placing a pre
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INTRODUCTION MONITORING AND MANAGEM
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MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT Monitorin
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MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT ◾◾ Mo
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MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT Analysis
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INTRODUCTION MONITORING PROCEDURES
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MONITORING PROCEDURES ◾◾ Rectil
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MONITORING PROCEDURES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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MONITORING PROCEDURES Use of a digi
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MONITORING PROCEDURES ◾◾ Rectil
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MONITORING PROCEDURES N w e E 14.6
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MONITORING PROCEDURES Sampling of D
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MONITORING PROCEDURES Using the equ
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MONITORING PROCEDURES 12.9 STATISTI
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MONITORING PROCEDURES Calculating C
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MONITORING PROCEDURES that if more
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MONITORING PROCEDURES bee counts ca
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POLLINATOR-SPECIFIC CASE STUDIES Ch
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POLLINATOR-SPECIFIC CASE STUDIES pr
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander R. 2003a. A
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bower AD, St. Clair JB
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Claassen VP, Zasoski R
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Dyer K, Curtis L, Will
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Greaves RD, Hermann RK
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BIBLIOGRAPHY (Available at: https:/
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Landis T, Tinus RW, Mc
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Miller RM, May SW. 197
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BIBLIOGRAPHY between biodiversity c
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Soil Survey Staff. 197
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Trent A, Nolte D, Wagn
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Wolf DD, Blaser RE, Mo
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APPENDIX Native Revegetation Plants
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APPENDIX IOWA — NATIVE REVEGETATI
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APPENDIX Iowa — Native Revegetati
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APPENDIX Kansas — Native Revegeta
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APPENDIX Minnesota — Native Reveg
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APPENDIX Missouri — Native Revege
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APPENDIX Oklahoma — Native Revege
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APPENDIX TEXAS — NATIVE REVEGETAT
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APPENDIX Texas — Native Revegetat
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