Roadside Revegetation

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MONITORING PROCEDURES is used (see Section 12.7.3.1, Systematic Sampling of Dispersed Areas). If the dispersed areas are small or are not mapped, then a grid sampling design is used (see Section 12.7.3.2, Sampling of Dispersed Areas). In most cases, the grid sampling method is recommended. Systematic Sampling of Dispersed Areas First Stage The systematic sampling method of dispersed areas assumes that the dispersed areas have been mapped and identified. The dispersed area in this method is the experimental unit. In this approach, the dispersed areas are numbered sequentially by progressing from one dispersed area to the next closest dispersed area. Determining how to calculate the number (n) of dispersed areas to sample is presented in Section 12.8.3, Comparing Means with Standards – Dispersed Area Sample Size Determination. Odd- or even-numbered dispersed areas are selected based on a random number using the RANDBETWEEN function. For example, if there were 40 dispersed areas (N) but only 20 dispersed areas needed to be sampled (n), then 50 percent of the dispersed areas would be sampled (n/N). A random number using RANDBETWEEN(1,2) is used. If the function returns a “1,” the odd numbered dispersed areas are selected; if 2, then even numbered areas are selected. Figure 12-14 provides a schematic depiction of such a design. PS5 PS4 PS3 PS2 Units to Sample Direction of Travel PS1 PS1 Layout PS6 N w e PS7 PS8 PS9 PS10 E E Second Stage Once the dispersed areas have been selected, the layout of quadrats within each dispersed area is determined. A grid-based sampling design, as described in Section 12.7.2, Rectilinear Sampling Areas , can be used. To determine the grid spacing (E) for the quadrat locations, determine whether the size of the dispersed area is >1,600 ft2 or
MONITORING PROCEDURES Sampling of Dispersed Areas First Stage A grid sampling design is used on projects where dispersed areas have not been mapped and there are more than 30 areas. This sampling design is typically used on projects where dispersed areas are numerous and the sizes of the areas are small. In this sampling design a grid is placed over the revegetation unit, as shown in Figure 12-15, and the dispersed area nearest to the grid center is selected for monitoring. One quadrat is randomly placed in each dispersed area and this becomes the experimental unit. Determining the grid cell dimensions (E) is accomplished by using the following equation: N w e Random Shift in Y Direction E E E = Area n Random Shift in X Direction where the area is the total area of the revegetation unit and n is the number of quadrats to locate (see Section 12.8.3, Comparing Means with Standards – Dispersed Area Sample Size Determination, for determining number of quadrats to sample). The grid is laid out unbiasedly by locating a starting point just outside the revegetation unit and assigning random numbers to the x and the y coordinates. The corner of the grid is placed at the x and y offset point and oriented north. In the field, the grid centers are located using a compass and measuring tape. At each grid center, the closest dispersed area is selected for monitoring. If there are no dispersed areas found within half the distance between grid centers (E/2), then the monitoring team moves on to the next grid center. For revegetation units that have dispersed areas somewhat clustered, grid centers will sometimes be located where there will be no dispersed areas to sample. For this reason, when calculating the grid cell dimension (E) from the equation above, the number of quadrats (n) should be increased 10 to 20 percent to compensate for grid centers where dispersed areas are not in close proximity. Second Stage For seedling density and seedling attribute procedures, dispersed units that are selected for sampling may be small enough that plant measurements can be exhaustive (e.g., all plants are measured). These situations usually arise when seedlings are planted in planting islands, benches, or pockets. When this is not possible, or other procedures, such as soil cover, species cover, or species presence procedures are being used, one quadrat is located randomly by facing away from the dispersed area and throwing a rock, hammer, or something heavy and selecting the quadrat location where it lands. Revegetation Unit Starting Point Grid Center Point Dispersed Unit Dispersed unit closest to grid center point to sample Figure 12-15 | Sampling dispersed areas with an offset grid Small dispersed areas can be randomly sampled using a grid that is offset in the x and y axis. The grid dimensions (E) are calculated based on the number of grid centers (n) needed and the size of the revegetation unit. Once grid centers are located, the nearest dispersed unit is found (closest dispersed unit is shown in circle). If there are no dispersed units within half the distance between grid centers (E/2), then the monitoring team moves to the next grid center. 12.8 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION The number of experimental units needed to statistically sample a revegetation area is based on the variability of the attributes being sampled. By pre-sampling representative areas prior to monitoring, an approximate number of quadrats and transects can be determined. Using pre-monitoring data, however, does not always guarantee enough samples will be taken. There will be projects where pre-monitoring data will not predict the variability and more samples will be needed. This is usually discovered after reviewing the data back at the office. At that time, the monitoring leader has to decide whether to return to the site and collect more data. To avoid this expensive scenario, it is recommended that each revegetation unit be composed Roadside Revegetation: An Integrated Approach to Establishing Native Plants and Pollinator Habitat 399
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Roadside Revegetation An Integrated
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Roadside Revegetation: An Integrate
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 3— Initiation P
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.9 Pests 127 5.9
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 10.4 Post Install
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 3-5 | Exam
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 6-10 | Cas
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 10-91 | Se
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Insets Inset 2-1
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PREFACE In 1998, the Western Federa
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INTRODUCTION 1— Introduction 1.1
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INTRODUCTION 15 to 20 percent of th
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INTRODUCTION and others 2016, and c
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INTRODUCTION ◾◾ Integrate goals
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INTRODUCTION 1.5.2 WHAT ARE NATIVE
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INTRODUCTION Figure 1-9 | Roadside
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INTRODUCTION 1.6.1 INITIATION OVERV
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INITIATION PART ONE: COOPERATORS AN
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INITIATION PART TWO: ROAD PLANS AND
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT 4— Pla
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT Once rev
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT Revegeta
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT site on
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT The info
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT Figure 4
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT Figure 4
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT Table 4-
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PLANNING PHASE ONE: ORIENT species
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PLANNING PHASE TWO: ASSESS SITE 5.1
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PLANNING PHASE TWO: ASSESS SITE dur
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క క క క క క PLANNING PH
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PLANNING PHASE TWO: ASSESS SITE Pla
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PLANNING PHASE TWO: ASSESS SITE Fig
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PLANNING PHASE THREE: VEGETATION AN
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PLANNING PHASE FOUR: INTEGRATE AND
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE PREFACE T
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE TABLE OF
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE BACKGROUN
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE BACKGROUN
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE REVEGETAT
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE NON-NATIV
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE SUCCESS C
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE APPROXIMA
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE APPENDIX
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE REFERENCE
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REVEGETATION PLAN EXAMPLE REFERENCE
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IMPLEMENTATION 9.1 INTRODUCTION A s
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IMPLEMENTATION 9.3 REVIEW TREATMENT
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IMPLEMENTATION 9.4 DEVELOP CONTRACT
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IMPLEMENTATION 9.6 EXAMPLE STATEMEN
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IMPLEMENTATION an active role in pr
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IMPLEMENTATION addressed environmen
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10— Impleme
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10.1.1 FERTIL
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Areas adjacen
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Table 10.2 |
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES The nutrient
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES nutrient stra
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Fertilizer In
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES amendments, l
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES A general rul
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10.1.3 MULCHE
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES permeable or
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES and straw fro
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES mulch. If the
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES To avoid this
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES control, stra
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES (often less t
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES most topsoil
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES 10.1.5 ORGANI
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES rock fragment
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Carbon-to-Nit
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES be broadened
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Therefore, le
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES compaction an
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Pure Culture
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ Design
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES can be used.
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES harvesting, s
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES In Figure 10-
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES of the seed i
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES is conducted
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Project Name
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES variety of sp
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Inset 10-14 |
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Installation
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Special Treat
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Determine Tra
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES to the surfac
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES year, the see
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ Minimu
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES debris are se
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES production-or
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Restoration s
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Unbalanced or
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES You can get a
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Inset 10-18 |
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES planters stan
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES uniformity is
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Seed drills c
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Each species
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES would have lo
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES seeds. Poorly
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES ◾◾ Some s
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Consideration
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES (1979) found
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IMPLEMENTATION GUIDES Revegetation
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Page 439 and 440: BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander R. 2003a. A
Page 441 and 442: BIBLIOGRAPHY Bower AD, St. Clair JB
Page 443 and 444: BIBLIOGRAPHY Claassen VP, Zasoski R
Page 445 and 446: BIBLIOGRAPHY Dyer K, Curtis L, Will
Page 447 and 448: BIBLIOGRAPHY Greaves RD, Hermann RK
Page 449 and 450: BIBLIOGRAPHY (Available at: https:/
Page 451 and 452: BIBLIOGRAPHY Landis T, Tinus RW, Mc
Page 453 and 454: BIBLIOGRAPHY Miller RM, May SW. 197
Page 455 and 456: BIBLIOGRAPHY between biodiversity c
Page 457 and 458: BIBLIOGRAPHY Soil Survey Staff. 197
Page 459 and 460: BIBLIOGRAPHY Trent A, Nolte D, Wagn
Page 461 and 462: BIBLIOGRAPHY Wolf DD, Blaser RE, Mo
Page 464: APPENDIX Native Revegetation Plants
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APPENDIX Native Revegetation Plants
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APPENDIX IOWA — NATIVE REVEGETATI
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APPENDIX Iowa — Native Revegetati
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APPENDIX Kansas — Native Revegeta
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APPENDIX Minnesota — Native Reveg
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APPENDIX Missouri — Native Revege
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APPENDIX Oklahoma — Native Revege
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APPENDIX TEXAS — NATIVE REVEGETAT
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APPENDIX Texas — Native Revegetat
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