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Of castros and romans 02 A world in transition: the culture of castros The culture of castros left a legacy of a valuable architectonic and artistic heritage, which you will be able to visit in the numerous archaeological sites and museums that exist all along the Euro-Region. Visiting them is an excellent opportunity to discover the history of these people: their handcrafting richness, their traditions, their way of life… Evolution of the world of the castros The culture of the castros was developed since the end of the Bronze Age, towards 800 B.C, but its expansion came fundamentally during the Iron Age, between the year 600 and the conquest by Rome. Throughout the Roman expansion, many of the already-existing castros remained (even some new ones were built) and some of them were still used as shelters for the population during the difficult first years of the Middle Ages. The archaeological traces found in some castros, such as the one of Serra do Muro (Vandoma, Paredes) confirm this late re-occupation. The castros are fortified settlements, located in areas of easy defence and difficult attack, usually in the upper part of a hill and, moreover, with artificial defences such as moats and one or more wall lines. The fortified space contained not only the houses of its inhabitants, but also other public spaces such as cisterns or saunas. From an architectural point of view, the dwellings of the oldest castros are very simple. They were mostly round, with a central hearth and clay floor, and were built with wood or with a mixture of straw and mud, gradually substituted by stone and a vegetal cover. 18
From Gallaecia to the Euro-Region Castro of Serra do Muro (Vandoma, Paredes) In a second phase, these castros were frequently built in larger dimensions, among which we can find some of the most lasting and interesting ones, such as Castromao in Celanova, 25 kilometres far from Ourense, Borneiro in Cabana, 20 kilometres far from Carballo, Elviña in A Coruña or Santa Luzia in Viana do Castelo, located in a strategic position that allowed to dominate the mouth of the Limia river and, at the same time, the Atlantic coast. The biggest transformations took place from the 2nd century B.C. on, coinciding with the first contact with the Roman world and its later conquest. Both the already-existing castros, many of which would later be rebuilt, as well as the ones that were built at the moment, reflect an important evolution: it is then when a certain urbanism in the castros shows up, and when the statuary and the architectonical decoration reach their highest expression. Castro Elviña (A Coruña) Castro of Santa Luzia (Viana do Castelo) 19
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Project submitted to the first call
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