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Of castros and romans Aquae Flaviae bridge (Chaves) The charm of going through an ancient Roman road Despite the attention put on its itinerary, it was inevitable that these roads crossed rivers, sometimes wide ranging ones. The mastery of the Romans in these kind of public works is very well known, and in Gallaecia one can see good examples of it. A perfect example of Roman engineering is maintained in the itinerary of the Via Nova. It is the bridge on the Bibei river in A Pobra de Trives, Ourense, easily accessible from O Barco de Valdeorras. It was built in the Trajan era, in 114 B.C. It keeps its entire Roman structure, with the addition of the parapets, and nowadays it still supports, unshakeable, the crossing of the regional road. Its structure is based in three arches, the central one clearly bigger, 25 metres high over the riverbed and 75 metres long. It has cutwaters upriver and, as its duration and its impeccable state of conservation show, it also has an excellent stonework in opus quadratum, with blocks of stone perfectly fastened to each other. Roman elements can also be seen in the same road, in the nearby bridges of Navea, over the bridge of the same name, and Cigarrosa, over the Sil, although both have been modified. Pontevedra and Ourense are localities that underwent an outstanding development already in the Roman times, due to their important bridges, in the first case for the XIX road and in the second case, for the road that joined directly Braga and Lugo. The city of Lugo itself had a bridge to cross the Miño river on its way in the XIX road and, just like Ourense, it still maintains part of its original structure, although highly modified later on, during the Middle Ages in the case of Ourense and in the 19th century in the case of Lugo. The same importance had the path over the Támega for Chaves, the socalled “bridge of Trajan”, due to the emperor under whose command it was built, at the end of the 1st century. Besides the bridge itself (which is almost 150 metres long, and of which twelve arches are maintained after the 1930 reforms that covered up some of them) the inscriptions on its columns are also very important for the study of this period, especially the one of “Padrão dos Povos”, where different populi of the convent of Braga were enumerated. 32
From Gallaecia to the Euro-Region The lighthouse of the Tower of Hércules in A Coruña stands out for naval routes. Declared World Heritage in 2009, it is the oldest Roman lighthouse in the world, and the only one that still works today. It was built in the last years of the 1st century, although it experienced a correct restoration at the end of the 18th century that respected, even enhanced, its original configuration. Lighthouse of the Tower of Hércules (A Coruña) Water mine (Carballiño) Gold Regarding economy, a matter of special importance for Rome was the mining industry and, within it, the extraction of gold. The inhabitants of the castros had already accessed gold before Romanization, but only through panning in the rivers, on a very reduced scale. Therefore, the systematic and extensive exploitation of the auriferous resources of the peninsular northwest begins and ends with the Roman Empire. The eastern ranges of Galicia experienced this mining activity, and because of that, new castros were built between the 2nd and 4th centuries A.C. The auriferous extraction stands out in the Sil river and its tributaries, where there was such an amount of gold that it justified huge works like the alteration of the course of the river in Montefurado (Quiroga, Lugo: accessible from Monforte or O Barco de Valdeorras). Equally, making use of –presumably- slave workforce, huge amounts of land were moved through the ruina montium system, which consists in the opening of undeground passages where a large amount of water, brought with this aim through channels, circulated. The aim was to knock the mountain down, so that they could collect the gold that was inside the soil. This system, used 33
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Page 4 and 5: PUBLISHER. Eixo Atlántico do Noroe
Page 6 and 7: Index 00Presentation. 01Stone art.
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