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Of castros and romans Roman Bridge (Ourense) The Roman roads network One of the biggest engineering works that the Roman Empire left is the road network that ended up joining the furthest places of the empire with its capital. These roads contributed to give unity to the territory and made its occupation and exploitation easier, as well as to guarantee the mobility of troops, people and goods. These Roman roads were especially cared for, with a route that avoided the depths of valleys or peaks, always trying to keep a stable level, without big inclines. In their construction, a wide platform and several layers were disposed, in order to give stability and an optimal levelling. Opposite to what is usually believed, they were not paved nor cobbled, except for some specific sections. For Gallaecia we know, through the socalled Itinerary of Antonino, a true road map of the era, five main roads. The first one, the XVI, connected it towards the south, with Lusitania, since it joined Bracara with Olisipo, going through Santarém, (the conventual capital) and Aeminium (Coimbra). This road crossed all the municipality of Santa Maria da Feira and, north from the Duero river, which crossed close to its mouth, it continued through Leça de Balio (Matosinhos) and Maia. The other four joined, always inside the limits of Gallaecia, Bracara with Asturica with a different intermediate itinerary: - The XVII is the oldest one, with its origin in the Augustan dynasty and a while after the conquest- It connected these cities through the southernmost itinerary (without entering the current Galician territory), through Chaves and the vicinities of Bragança. - The XVIII was called Via Nova already in Roman times, what clearly indicates that it is posterior, from the Flavian era. Its itinerary goes north, going up the Limia river until it connects with the Sil and enters the region of el Bierzo. In order to protect its construction, it was created the military camp of Aquis Querquennis (Bande, 50 kilometres far from Ourense), 30
From Gallaecia to the Euro-Region Roman path (Chaves) with a short life but an interesting configuration. Even if in all these roads several milestones are kept –big cylindrical stones with indications of the distance to the points of departure and destination-, in the Via Nova their presence is very numerous, especially in the mountain area and currently the Xurés/ Gerês border. - The XIX joints the three conventual capitals, Braga, Lugo and Astorga, with an itinerary parallel to the coast, going through Asseconia (which has been identified with Santiago de Compostela) to reach Lugo and, from there, continuing towards Astorga through the Navia river valley. These roads were not the only ones that articulated the territory, all of them were connected; for instance, through the road that joined Braga and Lugo, which crossed the Miño river in Ourense and the Arnoia river by another bridge, which keeps its whole Roman structure, the one of Freixo in Celanova. There was equally a network of secondary roads that reached the less relevant localities. Last, - The XX is similar to the previous one, but modifying the central section to take it to the north of Galicia through the territories of Carballo towards Brigantium (A Coruña), before descending again towards Lugo. 31
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Page 6 and 7: Index 00Presentation. 01Stone art.
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