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Of castros and romans Fountain of the Idol (Braga) A similar example to this last one, but in this case romanizing a pre-existing cave sanctuary, is Panóias in Vila Real. Here there is a series of cavities of different sizes for the sacrifice of victims in honour of gods and infernal beings, as it is explained in the give inscriptions that the ensemble has, four in Latin and one in Greek. Among these divinities we can find Serapis, an oriental, Hellenistic-Egyptian divinity, whose cult must have been introduced by the Romans, together with the gods of the indigenous pantheon, the Lapita gods. Another foreign divinity whose cult has been proved in Gallaecia is Mitra, the Persian god of the sun, wisdom and war, and of whom there is a temple in Lugo. There, a Roman centurion who collected taxes in the city dedicates an altar to the god, at the beginning of the 3rd century. Less than 100 years later, part of the building where this altar was found was destroyed in order to build the wall, although the ruins can still be visited. A new religion which soon became not only the main one in the Empire but also the only official one was Christianity. It cannot be assured when exactly it was introduced in Gallaecia but it can be claimed that during the 3rd century it already had an important rise. Santalla or Santa Baia de Bóveda, in Lugo, played an important role in the first moments of Christianity in Gallaecia, even if the interpretations about this enigmatic building, started in the 4th century, are still very dissimilar. The central pond and the mural paintings in the parts of the vault that are still maintained, with coffers with different representation of birds, lead to two basic explanations. On the one hand, that it was a place of cult for nymphs. On the other hand, that it was 36
From Gallaecia to the Euro-Region Thermal station of As Burgas (Ourense) built as a Paleo-Christian temple, where elements such as the pond and the birds make reference to the Christian idea of the fountain of life. In a second, early medieval phase, the ensemble was used, again, as a church. The first artistic example, undoubtedly Christian, is the Crismón of Quiroga, a circular marble piece of large dimensions, 95 centimetres in diameter, with the representation of a Sanctuary of Revve Pool (Ourense) crismón (“christogram”), the initials of Christ in Greek characters, surrounded by a Latin inscription warning about the mundane wealth. It is considered that it was part of the mausoleum of a Roman lord, dated from the beginning of the 5th century. Found in the church of Ermida (Quiroga), it is currently displayed in the Diocesan Museum of Lugo. Romanized cave sanctuary of Panóias (Vila Real) 37
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