XV-15 litho - NASA's History Office

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114 tiltrotor aircraft program. This program carries some of the vehicle technology proposed in the SHCT follow-on program to flight demonstration with a highly modified V-22 Osprey. To accomplish this high cost program, it is expected that Government and industry would participate and cost share in order to make it affordable. While support for funding major new programs is usually difficult to obtain, Army planners have cited possible applications for the large tilt rotor aircraft technologies being considered here in their joint transport rotorcraft (JTR) program (for a CH-47 helicopter replacement) and in the recent “Army After Next” study of future Army tactics and related technology. The rest of the tilt rotor aircraft story begins now. The dream has become a reality.
Appendix A—Aircraft Descriptions Transcendental Model 1-G The Transcendental Aircraft Corporation Model 1-G 61 (figure A-1), was a singleseat convertible rotorcraft with two counter-rotating three-bladed rotors located at the tips of its fixed wing. The high-wing Model 1-G incorporated a conventional empennage and a fixed tricycle landing gear. When the rotors were placed in the horizontal plane, they acted as normal helicopter rotors. The rotors could also be tilted forward 82 degrees to perform as traction propellers of a conventional fixed-wing aircraft. In this configuration lift was provided by the wing. The four-cylinder Lycoming O-290-A, located in the fuselage behind the cockpit, powered the rotors through a two-speed reduction main gear box, spanwise drive shafts, and outboard gearboxes. In the helicopter mode, at the engine’s maximum output of 3000 RPM, the rotors rotated at 633 RPM. The rotor blade-angle control system employed two concentric tubes around the rotor shaft emanating from the outboard gearboxes. One of these tubes controlled cyclic blade pitch and the other the collective pitch. The change of the rotor position from the helicopter to the aircraft configuration was accomplished in approximately three minutes. 61 Model 1-G information from Janes, All the World’s Aircraft, 1953-1954. Figure A-1. Transcendental Model 1-G hovering in ground effect. (Ames AD98-0209-14) 1<strong>15</strong>
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The History of The XV-15 Tilt Rotor
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Contents Prologue . . . . . . . . .
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Dedication The story of the success
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Foreword The development of tilt ro
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List of Figures Figure 1 Leonardo d
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Figure 41 Simultaneous static test
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Figure A-2 Transcendental Model 2 t
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List of Acronyms AARL Army Aeronaut
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TRENDS Tilt Rotor Engineering Datab
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Figure 2. Illustration of vertical
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Figure 4. McDonnell XV-1 compound h
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Figure 7. Henry Berliner tiltpropel
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Top: Figure 9. The Baynes Heliplane
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Figure 13. Illustration from the Ha
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Figure 17. Bob Lichten, extreme lef
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Figure 20. Tiedown tests of the XV-
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16 Research and Engineering), obtai
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18 management continued to show int
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20 Building the Technology Base Aer
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Figure 25. Bell 25-ft. diameter pro
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Figure 28. Performance tests of 5-f
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Figure 31. Bell 25-ft. diameter pro
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28 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft Pro
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30 During the late 1960s and early
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32 range of loading conditions and
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34 The initial projected cost of $4
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Figure 35. Illustration of the Boei
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Figure 36. 1/5 scale XV-15 model in
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40 under the contract. To accomplis
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42 Aircraft Development The primary
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44 Test stand angle box Test stand
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Figure 40. Proprotor response to co
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Figure 41. Simultaneous static test
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50 helicopters. For the conversion
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52 Prior to the start of flight ope
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Figure 44. Initial Bell tiedown sho
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56 degrees 25 and a brief assessmen
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Figure 45. XV-15 in the Ames Resear
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60 NAVAIR managers as a means of de
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Figure 46. Government and Bell pers
Page 90 and 91: Figure 49. Tiedown test facility at
Page 92 and 93: 66 Wheel height Top: Figure 51. Met
Page 94 and 95: 68 Symmetric beam mode Antisymmetri
Page 96 and 97: Figure 55. XV-15 during short takeo
Page 98 and 99: Top: Figure 56. Flow visualization
Page 100 and 101: 74 during “degraded” flight con
Page 102 and 103: Figure 59. Hover acoustics tests du
Page 104 and 105: 78 Nose weight Top: Figure 61. Typi
Page 106 and 107: 80 Following the completion of cont
Page 108 and 109: 82 After the proprotors stopped, th
Page 110 and 111: 84 sudden stoppage of the right eng
Page 112 and 113: 86 A reconversion to the helicopter
Page 114 and 115: 88 Paris Air Show By early 1981, th
Page 116 and 117: 90 enroute from Farnborough to Fran
Page 118 and 119: Top: Figure 66. Senator Goldwater i
Page 120 and 121: Figure 69. Shipboard evaluations of
Page 122 and 123: Figure 71. XV-15 at the New York Po
Page 124 and 125: 98 Crash (October 16 and 17, 1991).
Page 126 and 127: 100 The End of an Era By the mid 19
Page 128 and 129: Top: Figure 73. XV-15 at the Dallas
Page 130 and 131: 104 management system was very effe
Page 132 and 133: 106 could make use of the same flig
Page 134 and 135: Figure 76. The Bell tilt rotor eagl
Page 136 and 137: 110 demonstrations two years earlie
Page 138 and 139: 112 Future Tilt Rotor Aircraft By t
Page 142 and 143: 116 Model 1-G Characteristics Power
Page 144 and 145: Figure A-3. Transcendental Model 2
Page 146 and 147: Figure A-4. XV-3 three-view drawing
Page 148 and 149: Figure A-5. XV-3 inboard drawing, s
Page 150 and 151: Nacelle angle (degrees) 124 120 90
Page 152 and 153: Figure A-8. General layout and majo
Page 154 and 155: Figure A-9. Side view inboard profi
Page 156 and 157: Figure A-11. XV-15 height-velocity
Page 158 and 159: 132 Weight Design . . . . . . . . .
Page 160 and 161: 134 WBS LEVEL: Bell Army/NASA I II
Page 162 and 163: 136 US Army Air Mobility Research a
Page 164 and 165: 138 Army/NASA (continued) Staff (19
Page 166 and 167: 140 Appendix C—Chronology 1452-15
Page 168 and 169: 142 1968 Boeing Vertol awarded cont
Page 170 and 171: 144 November, Initial piloted simul
Page 172 and 173: 146 24 March 1982 XV-15 demonstrate
Page 174 and 175: 148 30 July 1987 FAA/NASA/DOD Tilt
Page 176 and 177: 150 21 August 1990 V-22 reached 340
Page 178 and 179: 152 14 June 1993 The Department of
Page 180 and 181: 154 Appendix D—Awards and Records
Page 182 and 183: Figure D-1. Jean Tinsley, first wom
Page 184 and 185: Figure E-3. XV-15 flying by the Sta
Page 186 and 187: Figure E-7. Bell test pilots Roy Ho
Page 188 and 189: Figure E-11. Ken Wernicke, Bell til
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164 Appendix F—Bibliography Tilt
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166 Ball, J. C. “XV-15 Shipboard
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168 Churchill, G. B.; Dugan, D. C.
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170 Edenborough, H. K. “Investiga
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172 Harendra, P. B.; Joglekar, M. J
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174 Kvaternik, Raymond G. “Studie
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176 Magee, J. P.; Pruyn, R. “Pred
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178 Martin, Stanley, Jr.; Erb, Lee
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180 Rutledge, Charles K.; George, A
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182 Tischler, M. B.; Leung, J. G. M
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184 Whitaker, H. L.; Cheng, Yi. “
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186 Daniel C. Dugan Daniel Dugan gr
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188 Carnet, 88 Carpenter, Ron, 91 C
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190 Moffett Airfield, Moffett Field
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Monographs in Aerospace History Lau
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National Aeronautics and Space Admi
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