XV-15 litho - NASA's History Office

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140 Appendix C—Chronology 1452-1519 Leonardo da Vinci credited with the design of the first helicopter, basically a helical airscrew. 1924 Henry Berliner flies fixed-wing biplane with large diameter fixed-pitch propeller mounted on a tiltable vertical shaft near the tip of each wing. September 1930 “Flying Machine” patent, issued to George Lehberger, employs use of a relatively low disc loading thruster (propeller) that can tilt its axis from the vertical (for vertical lift) to the horizontal (for propulsive thrust). Late 1930s Baynes Heliplane patent issued in England. 1937 Focke-Wulf Fw-61 (Germany) lateral-twin rotor helicopter flown. 1942 Focke-Achgelis FA-269 trail-rotor convertiplane project initiated. Early 1940s Platt-LePage Aircraft Company conduct preliminary design work on tilt rotor aircraft. January 1947 Mario Guerrieri and Robert Lichten establish Transcendental Aircraft Company to develop convertiplane (tilt rotor aircraft). August 1950 U. S. Army and U. S. Air Force announce competition to design a Convertiplane. Bell Helicopter and Transcendental Aircraft submit bids. May 1951 USAF Air Research and Development Command awards contract to Bell to build mockup and begin detailed design of a flight tilt rotor aircraft. October 1953 Award of U.S. Air Force contract for development, prototype construction, and testing of two XH-33 (later designated XV-3) full-scale “tilting-thrust-vector convertiplanes” to Bell Helicopter Company. 15 June 1954 First flight of Transcendental Aircraft Corporation Model 1-G tilt rotor aircraft. 15 February 1955 Platt patent of tilt rotor aircraft, No. 2,702,168 granted. February 1955 First XV-3 rolled out.
20 July 1955 Transcendental Model 1-G crashes. Had previously flown from helicopter configuration to within 10 degrees of airplane configuration. 11 August 1955 First hover flight of XV-3. Piloted by Bell Chief Helicopter Test Pilot Floyd Carlson. 25 October 1956 XV-3 (tail number 4147) crashes due to a severe rotor instability injuring Bell test pilot Dick Stansbury. 1957 Transcendental Model 2 program terminated as Government funding shifts to Bell XV-3. 18 December 1958 XV-3 achieves first full in-flight conversion from helicopter to airplane mode and from airplane to helicopter mode. World’s record event. Piloted by Bell XV-3 project test pilot Bill Quinlan. 6 February 1959 USAF Captain Robert G. Ferry first military pilot to execute full conversion of XV-3. 1 May 1959 XV-3 shipped to Edwards Air Force Base for Phase II Flight Test Program. Flight testing begins 15 May 1959. 12 August 1959 First hovering, altitude, and full conversion flight of XV-3 by a NASA test pilot Fred Drinkwater. 8 August 1961 U.S. Army test pilot Major E. E. Kluever conducts first flight evaluation of the XV-3 by an Army pilot. June/July1962 XV-3 (tail number 4148) with new rotor system tested in ARC 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel. April 1966 Analysis explaining the tilt rotor aircraft rotor/pylon/wing aeroelastic instability issued by Dr. Earl Hall of Bell. 14 June 1966 NASA Ames Research Center announces completion of XV-3 testing. Total of 250 flights accomplished, 125 flight hours, 110 full conversions. May 1968 Aeroelastic stability obtained for a gimbaled proprotor using positive pitch-flap coupling (negative δ 3 ) documented by Troy Gaffey of Bell. October/November Ames wind tunnel test of modified XV-3 validated predicted 1968 rotor/pylon/wing aeroelastic stability. 141
Page 1:
The History of The XV-15 Tilt Rotor
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Contents Prologue . . . . . . . . .
Page 9:
Dedication The story of the success
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Foreword The development of tilt ro
Page 17 and 18:
List of Figures Figure 1 Leonardo d
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Figure 41 Simultaneous static test
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Figure A-2 Transcendental Model 2 t
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List of Acronyms AARL Army Aeronaut
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TRENDS Tilt Rotor Engineering Datab
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Figure 2. Illustration of vertical
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Figure 4. McDonnell XV-1 compound h
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Figure 7. Henry Berliner tiltpropel
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Top: Figure 9. The Baynes Heliplane
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Figure 13. Illustration from the Ha
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Figure 17. Bob Lichten, extreme lef
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Figure 20. Tiedown tests of the XV-
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16 Research and Engineering), obtai
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18 management continued to show int
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20 Building the Technology Base Aer
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Figure 25. Bell 25-ft. diameter pro
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Figure 28. Performance tests of 5-f
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Figure 31. Bell 25-ft. diameter pro
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28 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft Pro
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30 During the late 1960s and early
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32 range of loading conditions and
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34 The initial projected cost of $4
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Figure 35. Illustration of the Boei
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Figure 36. 1/5 scale XV-15 model in
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40 under the contract. To accomplis
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42 Aircraft Development The primary
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44 Test stand angle box Test stand
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Figure 40. Proprotor response to co
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Figure 41. Simultaneous static test
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50 helicopters. For the conversion
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52 Prior to the start of flight ope
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Figure 44. Initial Bell tiedown sho
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56 degrees 25 and a brief assessmen
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Figure 45. XV-15 in the Ames Resear
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60 NAVAIR managers as a means of de
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Figure 46. Government and Bell pers
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Figure 49. Tiedown test facility at
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66 Wheel height Top: Figure 51. Met
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68 Symmetric beam mode Antisymmetri
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Figure 55. XV-15 during short takeo
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Top: Figure 56. Flow visualization
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74 during “degraded” flight con
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Figure 59. Hover acoustics tests du
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78 Nose weight Top: Figure 61. Typi
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80 Following the completion of cont
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82 After the proprotors stopped, th
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84 sudden stoppage of the right eng
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86 A reconversion to the helicopter
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88 Paris Air Show By early 1981, th
Page 116 and 117: 90 enroute from Farnborough to Fran
Page 118 and 119: Top: Figure 66. Senator Goldwater i
Page 120 and 121: Figure 69. Shipboard evaluations of
Page 122 and 123: Figure 71. XV-15 at the New York Po
Page 124 and 125: 98 Crash (October 16 and 17, 1991).
Page 126 and 127: 100 The End of an Era By the mid 19
Page 128 and 129: Top: Figure 73. XV-15 at the Dallas
Page 130 and 131: 104 management system was very effe
Page 132 and 133: 106 could make use of the same flig
Page 134 and 135: Figure 76. The Bell tilt rotor eagl
Page 136 and 137: 110 demonstrations two years earlie
Page 138 and 139: 112 Future Tilt Rotor Aircraft By t
Page 140 and 141: 114 tiltrotor aircraft program. Thi
Page 142 and 143: 116 Model 1-G Characteristics Power
Page 144 and 145: Figure A-3. Transcendental Model 2
Page 146 and 147: Figure A-4. XV-3 three-view drawing
Page 148 and 149: Figure A-5. XV-3 inboard drawing, s
Page 150 and 151: Nacelle angle (degrees) 124 120 90
Page 152 and 153: Figure A-8. General layout and majo
Page 154 and 155: Figure A-9. Side view inboard profi
Page 156 and 157: Figure A-11. XV-15 height-velocity
Page 158 and 159: 132 Weight Design . . . . . . . . .
Page 160 and 161: 134 WBS LEVEL: Bell Army/NASA I II
Page 162 and 163: 136 US Army Air Mobility Research a
Page 164 and 165: 138 Army/NASA (continued) Staff (19
Page 168 and 169: 142 1968 Boeing Vertol awarded cont
Page 170 and 171: 144 November, Initial piloted simul
Page 172 and 173: 146 24 March 1982 XV-15 demonstrate
Page 174 and 175: 148 30 July 1987 FAA/NASA/DOD Tilt
Page 176 and 177: 150 21 August 1990 V-22 reached 340
Page 178 and 179: 152 14 June 1993 The Department of
Page 180 and 181: 154 Appendix D—Awards and Records
Page 182 and 183: Figure D-1. Jean Tinsley, first wom
Page 184 and 185: Figure E-3. XV-15 flying by the Sta
Page 186 and 187: Figure E-7. Bell test pilots Roy Ho
Page 188 and 189: Figure E-11. Ken Wernicke, Bell til
Page 190 and 191: 164 Appendix F—Bibliography Tilt
Page 192 and 193: 166 Ball, J. C. “XV-15 Shipboard
Page 194 and 195: 168 Churchill, G. B.; Dugan, D. C.
Page 196 and 197: 170 Edenborough, H. K. “Investiga
Page 198 and 199: 172 Harendra, P. B.; Joglekar, M. J
Page 200 and 201: 174 Kvaternik, Raymond G. “Studie
Page 202 and 203: 176 Magee, J. P.; Pruyn, R. “Pred
Page 204 and 205: 178 Martin, Stanley, Jr.; Erb, Lee
Page 206 and 207: 180 Rutledge, Charles K.; George, A
Page 208 and 209: 182 Tischler, M. B.; Leung, J. G. M
Page 210 and 211: 184 Whitaker, H. L.; Cheng, Yi. “
Page 212 and 213: 186 Daniel C. Dugan Daniel Dugan gr
Page 214 and 215: 188 Carnet, 88 Carpenter, Ron, 91 C
Page 216 and 217:
190 Moffett Airfield, Moffett Field
Page 219 and 220:
Monographs in Aerospace History Lau
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National Aeronautics and Space Admi
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XV-15 litho - NASA's History Office

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