oxford_guide_to_english_grammar

GLOSSARY PAGE 402
present perfect a form with the present of have and a past participle, e.g. it has
arrived, we have begun • 65
present perfect continuous a form with the present of have + been + active
participle: she has been working all day • 67
present simple the present tense without an auxiliary, e.g. we know, she travels
• 64
pronoun A pronoun is a word that functions like a noun phrase, e.g. you, he,
ourselves, someone. • 183
quantifier a word saying how many or how much, e.g. all, some, half, a lot of,
enough
question a sentence which asks for information • 21
question phrase a phrase with what or how, e.g. what time, how long • 28
question tag a short question added to the end of a statement, e.g. That was nice,
wasn't it? • 34
question word These words can be used as question words: who, whom, what,
which, whose, where, when, why, how. • 27
reflexive pronoun a pronoun such as myself or themselves referring to the subject,
e.g. David blamed himself for the accident. • 186
regular A regular form is the same as most others; it follows the normal pattern.
The verb call has a regular past tense called. But the verb sing has an irregular
past tense sang.
relative adverb where, when and why in a relative clause, e.g. the hotel where we
stayed • 279
relative clause a clause that modifies a noun, e.g. the woman who called
yesterday, the car you were driving, people going home from work • 271
relative pronoun a word like who, which, that in a relative clause, e.g. the person
who started the argument
s-form the form of a verb with s or es added, e.g. The weather looks good.
sentence A sentence can be a statement, question, imperative or exclamation;
• 15. It consists of one or more clauses. A written sentence begins with a capital
letter and ends with a full stop (.) or question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).
sequence of tenses the use of the same tense in the main clause and sub clause,
e.g. I'm going to Greece because I like it there. (both present), I realized I had
given the wrong answer. (both past)
short answer a subject + auxiliary used to answer a question, e.g. Who's winning?
~ You are. • 29(4) See also yes/no short answer.
short form Some words can be written in a full form or a short form, e.g. have or
've. In the short form we use an apostrophe in place of part of the word. • 55(2)
sibilant the sounds
and
simple tenses the present simple or past simple tense without an auxiliary, e.g. it
opens, it opened
singular A singular form refers to one thing only. Car is singular; cars is plural.
state verb a verb that refers to something staying the same, not an action, e.g. be,
belong, remain, know • 62
statement a sentence which gives information, not a question or request • 16
stress speaking a word or syllable with more force and so making it sound more
important
strong form See weak form.