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Chapter 2<br />
THE BIRTH OF<br />
ESPIRITISMO<br />
In the mid-1800s, Spain issued a law that gave people a greater degree of<br />
personal religious freedom than ever before. Across Europe, the Catholic<br />
Church was losing some of its hold over people as well. As a result,<br />
freemasonry societies, esoteric schools, and Spiritualism gained popularity<br />
all over the continent. It was at this time that a new philosophy and esoteric<br />
spiritualistic practice known as Spiritism (<strong>Espiritismo</strong> in Spanish) emerged.<br />
Spiritism shared many of the aspects of Spiritualism. It provided a<br />
method of communicating with the spirit world. Both practices used<br />
séances to communicate with spirits from the “other side.” The difference<br />
between them was the purpose of those communications. Spiritists also<br />
believed in one God, the reincarnation of spirits, various planes of<br />
existence, and the ability of spirits to interact with people. They focused on<br />
the power of this communication and interaction to help humanity develop<br />
consciously and socially.<br />
Spiritism teaches that certain individuals have or can develop the<br />
powers to communicate with the spirit world. These individuals are known<br />
as mediums, or espiritistas, and they communicate with the spirits through<br />
séances—meetings at which people attempt to contact the dead or the spirits<br />
in order to get answers from the “other side.” These séances came to be<br />
known as sessiones in Spanish.<br />
Among its practitioners, Spiritism was considered the “scientific”<br />
method of spirit communication. Thus, it was not regarded as a religion at