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316 WulfAlbers<br />

concession steps in both directions (downward and upward). They thus minimized<br />

the sum of concessions or equivalently selected the mean on the step scale<br />

of prominence theory. The principle is again immediately obtained from the<br />

principles of aggregation of utility, if one assumes that the initial positions of all<br />

players should be used.<br />

ACKNOWLEDGMENT<br />

I thank Reinhard Selten for many discussions, comments, and ideas during the<br />

process of developing the theory.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Albers, W. 1997a. Foundations of a theory 7 of prominence in the decimal system. III.<br />

Perception of numerical information, and relations to traditional solution concepts.<br />

Working Paper No. 269. Institute of Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld.<br />

Albers, W. 1997b. Foundations of a theory of prominence in the decimal system. IV.<br />

Task-dependence of smallest perceived money unit, nonexistence of general utility<br />

function, and related paradoxa. Working Paper No. 270. Institute of Mathematical<br />

Economics, Bielefeld.<br />

Albers, W. 1998a. Foundations of a theory of prominence in the decimal system. VI.<br />

Evaluation of lotteries with two alternatives — A model that predicts median<br />

behavior, and serves as a normative benchmark of risk neutrality. Working Paper No.<br />

284. Institute of Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld.<br />

Albers, W. 1998b. The complexity of a number as a quantative predictor of the frequency<br />

of responses under decimal perception — An empirical analysis of price level<br />

responses based on the theory of prominence. Working Paper No. 288. Institute of<br />

Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld.<br />

Albers, W., E. Albers, L. Albers, and B. Vogt. 1997. Foundations of a theory of<br />

prominence in the decimal system. II. Exactness selection rule, and confirming<br />

results. Working Paper No. 266. Institute of Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld.<br />

Albers, W., and G. Albers. 1983. On the prominence structure of the decimal system. In:<br />

Decision Making under Uncertainty, ed. R. W. Scholz et al., pp. 271-287. Amsterdam:<br />

Elsevier.<br />

Albers, W., and A. Gimtzel. 1998. The boundedly rational decision process creating<br />

probability responses — Empirical results confirming the theory of prominence.<br />

Working Paper No. 286. Institute of Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld.<br />

Albers, W., R. Pope, R. Selten, and B. Vogt. 2000. Experimental evidence of the theory of<br />

chance. German Econ. Rev., in press.<br />

Albers, W., A. Uphaus, and B. Vogt. 1998. Stock price clustering and numerical<br />

perception. Working Paper No. 280. Institute of Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld.<br />

Fechner, G.T. 1968. In Sachen der Psychophysik. Amsterdam: E.J.Bonset.<br />

Harsanyi, J.C., and R. Selten. 1988. A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in<br />

Games. Cambridge: MIT Press.<br />

Hertwig, R., U. Hoffrage, and L. Martignon. 1999. Quick estimation: Letting the<br />

environment do the work. In: Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart, G. Gigerenzer,

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