Review of anti-corruption strategies Rob McCusker - Australian ...
Review of anti-corruption strategies Rob McCusker - Australian ...
Review of anti-corruption strategies Rob McCusker - Australian ...
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Table 6: Expert panel views on the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> 21 <strong>anti</strong>-<strong>corruption</strong> methods (percent)<br />
Strategy Higher income country Lower income country World panel<br />
Economic<br />
Reasonable standard <strong>of</strong> living 50.0 85.2 58.8<br />
Higher salaries politicians/public servants 34.4 73.0 44.2<br />
Less government/privatising 27.9 62.5 36.2<br />
Making banking and finance more transparent 69.9 78.7 71.9<br />
Educational<br />
Information campaigns (public) 71.6 85.0 74.9<br />
More public exposure 76.6 82.0 78.0<br />
Changing family attitudes population 37.1 68.9 45.2<br />
Influencing attitude <strong>of</strong> public servants 76.8 82.3 78.1<br />
Public culture<br />
Example given by management at the top 80.0 85.0 81.2<br />
Code <strong>of</strong> ethics for politicians and civil servants 73.1 76.2 73.9<br />
Better protection for whistle blowers 74.2 78.7 75.3<br />
Organisational/bureaucratic<br />
Rotation <strong>of</strong> personnel 51.6 55.0 52.4<br />
Internal control and supervision 86.5 96.9 89.2<br />
Stronger selection <strong>of</strong> public personnel 73.2 91.9 78.0<br />
Political<br />
More commitment by politicians 86.9 88.5 87.3<br />
Transparent party finances 80.3 96.8 84.5<br />
Example given by management at the top 80.0 85.0 81.2<br />
More rigorous separation <strong>of</strong> public powers 48.4 74.6 55.1<br />
Less government/privatising 27.9 62.5 36.2<br />
Repressive/judicial<br />
More severe penal sanctions 64.2 82.8 68.9<br />
Extension <strong>of</strong> police and judiciary 57.1 72.1 60.9<br />
Creating independent institutions 75.1 87.1 78.1<br />
Combating organised crime 77.3 86.9 79.8<br />
Making banking and finance more transparent 69.6 78.7 71.9<br />
(n) (190) (67) (257)<br />
Source: Huberts 1998: 217<br />
It is noteworthy that all 24 methods were considered more effective by experts from lower income<br />
countries than by those from higher income countries. This consistent pattern is thought to be because all<br />
types <strong>of</strong> initiatives are deemed useful in the mitigation <strong>of</strong> <strong>corruption</strong> in countries where <strong>corruption</strong> is both<br />
rife and problematic. This points clearly to the need to ensure that any <strong>anti</strong>-<strong>corruption</strong> strategy targets<br />
the range <strong>of</strong> economic, educational, cultural and political drivers <strong>of</strong> concern. In addition, it was found<br />
that there was close agreement between experts from lower and higher income countries about the<br />
importance <strong>of</strong> particular political and organisational <strong>strategies</strong>, altering the attitudes <strong>of</strong> public servants and<br />
combating organised crime (see Table 7). This bodes well for the success <strong>of</strong> <strong>anti</strong>-<strong>corruption</strong> <strong>strategies</strong>.
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