Review of anti-corruption strategies Rob McCusker - Australian ...

Khanal R 2001. Transparency and accountability against corruption in Nepal. Kathmandu: Political
Science Association of Nepal
This book collates a number of articles that were presented at a number of seminars held throughout
Nepal by the Political Science Association of Nepal on request of TI Nepal. They aim to help understand
the problem of transparency and accountability in Nepal and to enlist allies for TI-Nepal in support of its
objectives. The articles in this book seem to come to the conclusion that it is sheer neglect by public
servants of the people, and a severe lack of transparency and accountability, that have posed a serious
threat to democracy.
Klitgaard R 2000. Subverting corruption. Finance and development 37(2): 2–3.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2000/06/klitgaar.htm
This paper notes that the focus of countries’ anti-corruption efforts typically begins with consciousness
raising, shifts to making governments less susceptible, and then addresses the problem of corrupt
systems. The paper asks what measures governments, concerned citizens and others might take when
the third stage is reached.
Langseth P 2000. Integrated versus quantitative methods: lessons learned. Vienna: Global Programme
Against Corruption, UNODCCP. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/gpacpublications/cicp7.pdf
This paper notes that the key to reduced poverty is an integrated approach to development addressing
quality growth, environment, education, health and governance. It suggests that government, as the key
determinant of a country’s domestic and international relations regarding all the various issues previously
mentioned, must function efficiently and effectively with integrity. This requires coordination among
all governmental and parastatal agencies and increased involvement of all other key stakeholders. A
precondition for an integrated approach is an equally comprehensive an integrated assessment of existing
institutional rules and regulations, systems and processes, and interfaces and synergies. Moreover, such
an assessment in conjunction with strengthened civil liberties and other democratic principles empowers
the public to monitor governmental action thus establishing a system of checks and balances.
Marra M 2000. How much does evaluation matter? Some examples of the utilization of the evaluation of
the World Bank’s anti-corruption activities. Evaluation 6(1): 22–36
This paper offers empirical evidence of the utilisation of evaluation findings of the World Bank Institute’s
(WBI) efforts to help reduce corruption in Tanzania and Uganda. These initiatives are part of the World Bank-
WBI program to curb corruption in developing countries. This analysis focuses on the mid-term evaluation of
the WBI’s anti-corruption activities in those countries. The paper shows, through a series of examples, how
evaluation has been used in both an instrumental and an enlightenment fashion by program designers and
implementers. Although links between knowledge generation and utilisation are seldom clear and direct, and
specific information cannot always be isolated as the basis for a particular decision, the examples show that
utilisation has occurred, bringing about change in program design and implementation.
Rosser M 2000. Promoting transparency and accountability: USAID’s anti-corruption experience.
Washington: Centre for Democracy and Governance. http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/democracy_and_
governance/publications/pdfs/pnacf740.pdf
This paper provides a snapshot of what USAID has done over the years to combat corruption. It includes
early USAID experience in fighting corruption and USAID cooperation with other donors and international
organisations. It also outlines the areas the Agency responds to in anti-corruption work, such as legal
reform, privatisation and regulatory reform, administrative reform, and judicial reform. The paper also
addresses changing attitudes of advocacy organisations, public–private partnerships, and the media.
Schneider F & Enste D 2000. Shadow economies: size, causes, and consequences. Journal of economic
literature 38(1): 77–114
This paper estimates the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries.