Review of anti-corruption strategies Rob McCusker - Australian ...

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Table 6: Expert panel views on the effectiveness of 21 anti-corruption methods (percent) Strategy Higher income country Lower income country World panel Economic Reasonable standard of living 50.0 85.2 58.8 Higher salaries politicians/public servants 34.4 73.0 44.2 Less government/privatising 27.9 62.5 36.2 Making banking and finance more transparent 69.9 78.7 71.9 Educational Information campaigns (public) 71.6 85.0 74.9 More public exposure 76.6 82.0 78.0 Changing family attitudes population 37.1 68.9 45.2 Influencing attitude of public servants 76.8 82.3 78.1 Public culture Example given by management at the top 80.0 85.0 81.2 Code of ethics for politicians and civil servants 73.1 76.2 73.9 Better protection for whistle blowers 74.2 78.7 75.3 Organisational/bureaucratic Rotation of personnel 51.6 55.0 52.4 Internal control and supervision 86.5 96.9 89.2 Stronger selection of public personnel 73.2 91.9 78.0 Political More commitment by politicians 86.9 88.5 87.3 Transparent party finances 80.3 96.8 84.5 Example given by management at the top 80.0 85.0 81.2 More rigorous separation of public powers 48.4 74.6 55.1 Less government/privatising 27.9 62.5 36.2 Repressive/judicial More severe penal sanctions 64.2 82.8 68.9 Extension of police and judiciary 57.1 72.1 60.9 Creating independent institutions 75.1 87.1 78.1 Combating organised crime 77.3 86.9 79.8 Making banking and finance more transparent 69.6 78.7 71.9 (n) (190) (67) (257) Source: Huberts 1998: 217 It is noteworthy that all 24 methods were considered more effective by experts from lower income countries than by those from higher income countries. This consistent pattern is thought to be because all types of initiatives are deemed useful in the mitigation of corruption in countries where corruption is both rife and problematic. This points clearly to the need to ensure that any anti-corruption strategy targets the range of economic, educational, cultural and political drivers of concern. In addition, it was found that there was close agreement between experts from lower and higher income countries about the importance of particular political and organisational strategies, altering the attitudes of public servants and combating organised crime (see Table 7). This bodes well for the success of anti-corruption strategies.
Table 7: Most effective strategies against public corruption and fraud (rank) Methods Effectiveness Higher income country Lower income country More commitment by politicians 1 4 Internal control and supervision 2 1 Transparent party finances 3 2 Example given by management at the top 4 8 Influencing attitude of public servants 5 11 Combating organised crime 6 6 More public exposure 7 8 Creating independent institutions 8 5 Stronger selection of public personnel 10 3 Reasonable standard of living 17 7 (n) (190) (67) Source: Huberts 1998: 219
Page 1: Review of anti-corruption strategie
Page 4 and 5: © Australian Institute of Criminol
Page 6 and 7: iv Acknowledgment The author thanks
Page 8 and 9: Implementation of the strategy is k
Page 10 and 11: The nature and extent of corruption
Page 12 and 13: Transparency International’s Glob
Page 14 and 15: Basic approaches to anti-corruption
Page 16 and 17: 0 The ‘disease’ analogy It has
Page 18 and 19: Table 3: The rules and practices pi
Page 20 and 21: portrayed as key, but salary reform
Page 22 and 23: Assessment and design It has been s
Page 24 and 25: This model suggests that, if corrup
Page 26 and 27: 0 Specific methods and measures In
Page 28 and 29: The low incidence of corruption in
Page 32 and 33: Implementation and impact assessmen
Page 34 and 35: Conclusion It has been argued that
Page 36 and 37: 0 References Asian Development Bank
Page 38 and 39: Literature subset on anti-corruptio
Page 40 and 41: Lai A 2002. Building public confide
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Khanal R 2001. Transparency and acc
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