Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Year 2 - Center for Coastal ...

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Acknowledgements We are grateful to the following for their generous and capable assistance, provided in a timely and gracious manner. A large-scale project such as this could not be conducted and reported without the contributions and assistance of all of these individuals. The U. S. Geological Survey performed the sea urchin tests (Dr. R. Scott Can", Corpus Christi, TX) and the MicrotoxTM tests (Dr. Tom Johnson, Columbia, MO). Science Applications International Corporation in Narragansett, RI (Dr. K. John Scott, Ms. Cornelia Mueller, P.1.s) completed the amphipod survival tests. Columbia Analytical Services, Inc. in Vista, CA, performed the cytochrome P450 HRGS assays (Dr. Jack Anderson, P.I.). EVS Environment Consultants, Ltd. in Seattle, WA, provided assistance in data base management, preparation of base maps, and identification of station coordinates (Ms. Corinne Severn, P.I.). Taxonomic services were provided by Eugene Ruff (polychaetes), Susan Weeks (molluscs), Ron Shimek (molluscs and miscellaneous taxa), Steve Hulsman (miscellaneous taxa), John Chapman (arthropods), and Jeff Cordell (arthropods). Scott Redman, Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team, provided early project planning assistance. During field operations, Mr. Charles Eaton, Bio-Marine Enterprises, captained the R/V Kittiwake and assisted with field logistics and itinerary preparation, and Mr. Sam Eaton operated the winch and provided sampling assistance. The following Washington State Department of Ecology personnel provided assistance: 0 Dr. William Ehinger, Environmental Assessment Program (EAP), provided assistance with the correlation analyses. 0 Brendon MacFarland, Sediment Management Unit, and Dale Norton, EAP, provided assistance during the stratification process. 0 Steve Barrett, EAP, assisted with data base preparation and handling. 0 Manchester Environmental Laboratory provided laboratory analyses, sampling handling and tracking services, and data quality assurance and quality control, including Stuart Magoon, Catherine Bickle, Bob Carrell, Pam Covey, Sally Cull, Karin Feddersen, Kamilee Ginder, Dickey Huntamer, Randy Knox, Debbie LaCroix, Myrna Mandjikov, Cherlyn Milne, Norman Olson, Greg Perez, Jim Ross, and Will White. 0 Christina Ricci, EAP, participated in field sampling and infaunal sample sorting. 0 Joan LeTourneau and Michelle Ideker, EAP, formatted the final report. 0 Bernard Strong, EAP, assisted with equipment preparation and repair and field logistics. Page xix
Project Background Introduction hi 1996 the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) entered into a three-year Cooperative Agreement to quantify the magnitude and extent of toxicity and chemical contamination of sediments in Puget Sound. This agreement combined the sediment monitoring and assessment programs of the two agencies into one large survey of Puget Sound. Ecology's Marine Sediment Monitoring Team has conducted the Sediment Monitoring Component of the Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program (PSAMP) since 1989. This program used the sediment quality triad approach of Long and Chapman (1985) to determine relative sediment quality in Puget Sound. Preceding the joint surveys with NOAA, Ecology established baseline data for toxicity and chemical contamination of Puget Sound sediments (Llanso et al., 1998a) and characterized infaunal invertebrate assemblages (Llanso et al., 1998b) at 76 selected monitoring stations throughout Puget Sound. A portion of this baseline work is continuing as a subset of ten stations at the present time. The National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program of NOAA has conducted bioeffects assessment studies in more than 30 e'mbayments and estuaries nationwide since 1990 (Long et al., 1996). These studies followed a random-stratified sampling design and the triad approach to estimate the spatial extent, magnitude, and spatial patterns in relative sediment quality and to determine the relationships among measures of toxicity, chemical contamination, and benthic infaunal structure within the study areas. NOAA chose to continue these studies in Puget Sound because of the presence of toxicants in sufficiently high concentrations to cause adverse biological effects, the lack of quantitative data on the spatial extent of toxicity in the area, and the presence and experience of a state agency partner (Ecology) in performing the study. The current joint project of Ecology and NOAA utilizes NOAA's random-stratified sampling design and the sediment quality triad approach for the collection and analyses of sediment and infauna in northern Puget Sound sampled in 1997 (Long et al., 1999a), central Puget Sound sampled in 1998 (described in this report), and southern Puget Sound sampled in 1999. Site Description The three-year study area encompassed the basins and channels from the U.S./Canada border to the southern-most bays and inlets near Olympia and Shelton and included the waters of Admiralty Inlet and Hood Canal (Figure 1). This region, located in northwestern Washington, is composed of a variety of interconnected shallow estuaries and bays, deep fjords, broad channels and river mouths. It is bounded by three major mountain ranges; the Olympics to the west, the mountains of Vancouver Island to the north, and the Cascade Range to the east. The northern end of Puget Sound is open to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia, connecting it to the Pacific Ocean. The estuary extends for about 130 krn from Admiralty Inlet at the northern Page 1
Page 1 and 2: National Status and Trends Program
Page 3 and 4: Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Yea
Page 5 and 6: Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochr
Page 7 and 8: List of Appendices Appendix A . Det
Page 9 and 10: Figure 10. Results of 1998 Microtox
Page 11 and 12: Figure 38. Central Puget Sound stat
Page 13 and 14: Table 14. Number of 1998 central Pu
Page 15 and 16: Table 34. Triad results for 1998 ce
Page 17 and 18: Abstract As a component of a three-
Page 19 and 20: tests; and 3% of the area in the cy
Page 21: Data from this central Puget Sound
Page 25 and 26: Considerable research has been cond
Page 27 and 28: toxicants in regions of Puget Sound
Page 29 and 30: This report includes a summary of t
Page 31 and 32: stations within each stratum were c
Page 33 and 34: jugs which had been washed, acid-st
Page 35 and 36: clean, filtered (0.45 um), Port Ara
Page 37 and 38: have been exposed to one or more of
Page 39 and 40: enforcement studies. Seven addition
Page 41 and 42: analyses will be reported elsewhere
Page 43 and 44: 100 samples were compared to the up
Page 45 and 46: Correlations were determined for al
Page 47 and 48: Results A record of all field notes
Page 49 and 50: As a corollary to and verification
Page 51 and 52: to station 15 1, then decreased ste
Page 53 and 54: variance of the other tests with re
Page 55 and 56: espectively, and each station had 1
Page 57 and 58: exceeded state criteria and nationa
Page 59 and 60: assays, enzyme induction was very h
Page 61 and 62: Isomers of DDT and most PCB congene
Page 63 and 64: Total abundance of miscellaneous ta
Page 65 and 66: (i.e., increasing toxicity), there
Page 67 and 68: Triad Synthesis: A Comparison of Ch
Page 69 and 70: Stratum 6, in Puget Sound's central
Page 71 and 72: grain size, rather than the toxicit
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Eight samples collected along the s
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Inlet), 170- 17 1 (Dyes Inlet), 1 1
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The results in the amphipod tests p
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Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochr
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The highest concentrations of mixtu
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and Conner, 1980; Gray, 1982: Becke
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However, benthic data have been gen
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data for benzoic acid, 44 samples h
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Literature Cited Adams, D.A., J.S.
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California Department of Fish and G
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and vicinity. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS
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Strait of Juan De Fuca Figure 1. Ma
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Figure 3a. Central Puget Sound samp
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Figure 3c. Central Puget Sound samp
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Figure 3e. Central Puget Sound samp
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I / Amphipod survival 0 not toxic s
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Figure 6. Summary of 1998 amphipod
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Amphipod survival 0 not toxic 0 sig
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Figure 10. Results of 1998 Microtox
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Figure 12. Results of 1998 Microtox
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Whidbey Rlsland Figure 14. Results
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Figure 16. Results of 1998 cytochro
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Seattle Figure 18. Results of 1998
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Figure 20. Sampling stations in Por
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1 6 0 Sinclair 1 9 Inlet ]\ 0 No Cr
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0 Rho = 0.928 o p < 0.0001 Sample 1
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0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 600
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Rho = -0.584 p < 0.0001 0 20 40 60
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Rho = 0.875 p < 0.0001 0 500 1000 1
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I 0 1 Stations lacking any signific
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0 Stations lacking any significant
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Table 1. Central Puget Sound sampli
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Table 2. Continued. Oxychlordane To
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Table 3. Chemistry Parameters: Labo
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Table 5. Benthic infaunal indices c
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Table 6. Continued. Stratum Locatio
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Table 6. Continued. Stratum Locatio
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Table 7. Continued. 100% pore water
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Table 7. Continued. 100% pore water
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Table 8. Results of MicrotoxTM test
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Table 8. Continued. ~icrotox~~ EC50
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Table 8. Continued. Microtox"" EC50
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Table 10. Spearman-rank correlation
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Table 12. Samples from 1998 central
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Table 13. Samples from 1998 central
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Table 13. Continued. Stratum, Sampl
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Table 14. Number of 1998 central Pu
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Table 14. Continued. - > ERMa > sQs
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Table 14. Continued. > E RM~ - > SQ
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Table 22. Total abundance, major ta
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Table 22. Continued. Annelida Arthr
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Table 22. Continued. Annelida Arthr
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Table 23. Continued. Central Basin
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Table 23. Continued. Stratum Sample
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if; c if; c Page 167
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Page 169
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Page 176
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is-
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Page 189
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Table 35. Distribution of results i
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Table 37. Spatial extent of toxicit
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Table 39. Spatial extent of toxicit
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Appendix A Detected chemicals from
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Appendix A. Continued. SQS Chemical
Page 226 and 227:
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Page 206
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Page 2 10
Page 234 and 235:
Page 2 12
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Page 2 14
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Page 216
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Appendix B. Continued. Stratum Samp
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Page 220
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Page 222
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Page 224
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Page 226
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Appendix C. Continued. Tenip- Salin
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Page 230
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Page 232
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Appendix D. Table 1. Continued. % %
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Appendix D. Table 1. Continued. 22
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Appendix D. Table 2. Total organic
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Appendix D. Table 2. Continued. Str
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Page 242
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Page 244
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Page 248
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Appendix D, Figure 1. continued. St
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Appendix D, Figure 1. continued. St
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Page 254
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Appendix E. 1998 Central Puget Soun
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Appendix E. Continued. Phylum Class
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Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Appendix F Percent taxa abundance f
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Appendix F. Percent taxa abundance
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Page 279
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2 Â¥^ 2 ca so a * .0 cn 00 a 5 I
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Appendix G Infaunal taxa eliminated
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Aooendix R. Infaunal taxa eliminate
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Appendix H Triad data - Results of
Page 312 and 313:
Page 290
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Page 292 nine
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Page 294
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Page 296
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Page 298
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Page 300
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nine OJllIO,) JO % Sl! [L'A!AJIls p
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Page 304
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atuni. Sample, Location umber of ER
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Page 308
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Page 3 10
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Stratum, Sample. Location Number of
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a~i11*31~!~3! [OJ1UO,) JO % Sl! J31
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Page 3 16
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Page 3 18
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Appendix I. Ranges in detected chem
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Appendix I. Continued. 9(H)Carbazol
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Appendix I. Continued. Mercury Nick
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Page 327
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Appendix J SEDQUAL surveys for the
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Appendix J. Continued. Agency Name
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 338
Page 362 and 363:
Page 340
Page 364 and 365:
Appendix K. Continued. Chrysene Dib
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