Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Year 2 - Center for Coastal ...

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In this survey of central Puget Sound, 36 of the 100 stations sampled had sediments with significant toxicity and elevated chemical contamination, while 18 appeared to have benthic communities that were possibly affected by chemical contaminants in the sediments, including stations in Sinclair Inlet, Dyes Inlet, Elliott Bay, and the Duwamish River. These stations typically had moderate to very high total abundance, including high numbers of Aphelochaeta species N1 and other pollution-tolerant species, moderate to high taxa richness, low evenness, and low Swartz's Dominance Index values. Often, pollution-sensitive species such as arthropods and echinoderms were low in abundance or absent from these stations. These 18 stations represented an area of 8.1 km2, or about 1.1 % of the total survey area. These 18 stations, all located in urbaldindustrial areas, provide possible "evidence of pollution-induced degradation" as defined by Chapman, 1996. In contrast, 25 stations were identified with no indications of significant sediment toxicity or chemical contamination. All of the benthic indices indicated abundant and diverse populations of most or all taxonomic groups. These stations, located in Port Townsend, Admiralty Inlet, Possession Sound, the central basin, Port Madison, Liberty Bay, the Bainbridge Basin, Rich Passage, Dyes Inlet, and outer Elliott Bay, represented an area of 359.3 km2, equivalent to approximately 49% of the total survey area, and provide "strong evidence against pollution- induced degradation" as defined by Chapman, 1996. The remaining thirty-nine stations, with either significant chemical contamination but no toxicity, or significant toxicity but no chemical contamination, were located in Port Townsend, Possession Sound, the central basin, Eagle Harbor, Liberty Bay, the Bainbridge Basin, and Elliott Bay and the Duwamish River, and represented an area of 272.6 km2, equivalent to about 37% of the total central Puget Sound study area. Benthic assemblages varied considerably in structure at these stations, presumably as a result of many factors, including natural environmental variables. Additional statistical analyses are required to fully describe the multivariate relationships among the sediment quality triad data, and other variable data collected at all 100 stations. Comparison of the results of the sediment quality triad analyses for this survey was made with the 1997 survey of northern Puget Sound (Table 40). In both surveys, the percent of the total study areas displaying toxicity, chemical contamination and altered benthos was similar (1.3 and 1.1% area, respectively). Of the area surveyed in 1997 (773.9 km2), ten stations representing 10.34 km2 (1.3% of the area) could be considered as having pollution-induced degradation. Nine of these samples were collected in Everett Harbor and one from Port Gardner. The estimate of 1.3% area was similar to the estimate of 1.1% for the 18 "degraded" stations identified in the central Puget Sound study area. In addition, 10.6% of the 1997 northern area had both high chemical contamination and high toxicity, but, was accompanied by high benthic abundance and diversity. For central Puget Sound, this estimate was similar (12.5%). In contrast, the samples with no contamination and no toxicity represented 19.6% of the northern area and 49% of the central area. Conversely, the balance of samples in which results were mixed (i.e., either chemistry or toxicity was significant, benthos was abundant and diverse) was almost twice as high in the northern study area (68.5%) than in the central study area (37%). Because of the natural differences in benthic communities among different estuaries, it is difficult to compare the communities from Puget Sound with those from other regions in the U.S. Page 62
However, benthic data have been generated by the Estuaries component of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) using internally consistent methods. A summary (Long, 2000) of the data from three estuarine provinces (Virginian, Louisianian, Carolinian) showed ranges in results for measures of species richness, total abundance, and a multi-parameter benthic index. The samples with relatively low species richness represented 5%, 4%, and 10% of the survey areas, respectively. Those with relatively low infaunal abundance represented 7%, 19%, and 22% of the areas, respectively. Samples with low benthic index scores represented 23%, 3 1%, and 20% of the areas. In the Regional EMAP survey of the New YorkNew Jersey harbor area, samples classified as having degraded benthos represented 53% of the survey area (Adams et al., 1998). In contrast, it appears that benthic conditions that might be considered degraded in central Puget Sound occurred much less frequently than in all of these other areas. Page 63
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National Status and Trends Program
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Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Yea
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Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochr
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List of Appendices Appendix A . Det
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Figure 10. Results of 1998 Microtox
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Figure 38. Central Puget Sound stat
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Table 14. Number of 1998 central Pu
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Table 34. Triad results for 1998 ce
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Abstract As a component of a three-
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tests; and 3% of the area in the cy
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Data from this central Puget Sound
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Project Background Introduction hi
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Considerable research has been cond
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toxicants in regions of Puget Sound
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This report includes a summary of t
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stations within each stratum were c
Page 33 and 34: jugs which had been washed, acid-st
Page 35 and 36: clean, filtered (0.45 um), Port Ara
Page 37 and 38: have been exposed to one or more of
Page 39 and 40: enforcement studies. Seven addition
Page 41 and 42: analyses will be reported elsewhere
Page 43 and 44: 100 samples were compared to the up
Page 45 and 46: Correlations were determined for al
Page 47 and 48: Results A record of all field notes
Page 49 and 50: As a corollary to and verification
Page 51 and 52: to station 15 1, then decreased ste
Page 53 and 54: variance of the other tests with re
Page 55 and 56: espectively, and each station had 1
Page 57 and 58: exceeded state criteria and nationa
Page 59 and 60: assays, enzyme induction was very h
Page 61 and 62: Isomers of DDT and most PCB congene
Page 63 and 64: Total abundance of miscellaneous ta
Page 65 and 66: (i.e., increasing toxicity), there
Page 67 and 68: Triad Synthesis: A Comparison of Ch
Page 69 and 70: Stratum 6, in Puget Sound's central
Page 71 and 72: grain size, rather than the toxicit
Page 73 and 74: Eight samples collected along the s
Page 75 and 76: Inlet), 170- 17 1 (Dyes Inlet), 1 1
Page 77 and 78: The results in the amphipod tests p
Page 79 and 80: Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochr
Page 81 and 82: The highest concentrations of mixtu
Page 83: and Conner, 1980; Gray, 1982: Becke
Page 87 and 88: data for benzoic acid, 44 samples h
Page 89 and 90: Literature Cited Adams, D.A., J.S.
Page 91 and 92: California Department of Fish and G
Page 93 and 94: and vicinity. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS
Page 95 and 96: Strait of Juan De Fuca Figure 1. Ma
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3a. Central Puget Sound samp
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3c. Central Puget Sound samp
Page 101 and 102: Figure 3e. Central Puget Sound samp
Page 103 and 104: I / Amphipod survival 0 not toxic s
Page 105 and 106: Figure 6. Summary of 1998 amphipod
Page 107 and 108: Amphipod survival 0 not toxic 0 sig
Page 109 and 110: Figure 10. Results of 1998 Microtox
Page 111 and 112: Figure 12. Results of 1998 Microtox
Page 113 and 114: Whidbey Rlsland Figure 14. Results
Page 115 and 116: Figure 16. Results of 1998 cytochro
Page 117 and 118: Seattle Figure 18. Results of 1998
Page 119 and 120: Figure 20. Sampling stations in Por
Page 121 and 122: 1 6 0 Sinclair 1 9 Inlet ]\ 0 No Cr
Page 123 and 124: 0 Rho = 0.928 o p < 0.0001 Sample 1
Page 125 and 126: 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 600
Page 127 and 128: Rho = -0.584 p < 0.0001 0 20 40 60
Page 129 and 130: Rho = 0.875 p < 0.0001 0 500 1000 1
Page 131 and 132: I 0 1 Stations lacking any signific
Page 133 and 134: 0 Stations lacking any significant
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Table 1. Central Puget Sound sampli
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Table 2. Continued. Oxychlordane To
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Table 3. Chemistry Parameters: Labo
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Table 5. Benthic infaunal indices c
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Table 6. Continued. Stratum Locatio
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Table 6. Continued. Stratum Locatio
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Table 7. Continued. 100% pore water
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Table 7. Continued. 100% pore water
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Table 8. Results of MicrotoxTM test
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Table 8. Continued. ~icrotox~~ EC50
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Table 8. Continued. Microtox"" EC50
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Table 10. Spearman-rank correlation
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Table 12. Samples from 1998 central
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Table 13. Samples from 1998 central
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Table 13. Continued. Stratum, Sampl
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Table 14. Number of 1998 central Pu
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Table 14. Continued. - > ERMa > sQs
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Table 14. Continued. > E RM~ - > SQ
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Table 22. Total abundance, major ta
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Table 22. Continued. Annelida Arthr
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Table 22. Continued. Annelida Arthr
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Table 23. Continued. Central Basin
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Table 23. Continued. Stratum Sample
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if; c if; c Page 167
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is-
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Table 35. Distribution of results i
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Table 37. Spatial extent of toxicit
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Table 39. Spatial extent of toxicit
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Appendix A Detected chemicals from
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Appendix A. Continued. SQS Chemical
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Page 2 10
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Appendix B. Continued. Stratum Samp
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Appendix C. Continued. Tenip- Salin
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Appendix D. Table 1. Continued. % %
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Appendix D. Table 1. Continued. 22
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Appendix D. Table 2. Total organic
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Appendix D. Table 2. Continued. Str
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Appendix D, Figure 1. continued. St
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Appendix D, Figure 1. continued. St
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Appendix E. 1998 Central Puget Soun
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Appendix E. Continued. Phylum Class
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Appendix F Percent taxa abundance f
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Appendix F. Percent taxa abundance
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2 Â¥^ 2 ca so a * .0 cn 00 a 5 I
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Appendix G Infaunal taxa eliminated
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Aooendix R. Infaunal taxa eliminate
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Appendix H Triad data - Results of
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Page 292 nine
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nine OJllIO,) JO % Sl! [L'A!AJIls p
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atuni. Sample, Location umber of ER
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Page 308
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Page 3 10
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Stratum, Sample. Location Number of
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a~i11*31~!~3! [OJ1UO,) JO % Sl! J31
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Appendix I. Ranges in detected chem
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Appendix I. Continued. 9(H)Carbazol
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Appendix I. Continued. Mercury Nick
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Appendix J SEDQUAL surveys for the
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Appendix J. Continued. Agency Name
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Appendix K. Continued. Chrysene Dib
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