Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Year 2 - Center for Coastal ...

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Table of Contents List of Appendices .......................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. ix ... Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... xi11 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ xiv Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... xv Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... xix Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Project Background ................................................................................................................... 1 Site Description ......................................................................................................................... 1 Toxicant-Related Research in Central Puget Sound ................................................................. 2 The Sediment Quality Information System (SEDQUAL) Database ....................................... 5 Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................................. 6 Methods ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Sampling Design ....................................................................................................................... 8 Sample Collection ..................................................................................................................... 9 Laboratory Analyses ................................................................................................................ 10 Toxicity Testing .................................................................................................................... 10 Amphipod Survival . Solid Phase ..................................................................................... 10 Sea Urchin Fertilization . Pore Water .............................................................................. 12 Microbial Bioluminesce~~ce (MicrotoxTM) . Organic Solvent Extract .............................. 13 Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochrome P450) Response . Organic Solvent Extract .................................................................................................. 14 Chemical Analyses ................................................................................................................ 16 Grain Size .......................................................................................................................... 17 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ............................................................................................ 17 Metals ................................................................................................................................ 17 Mercury ............................................................................................................................. 17 Butyl Tins .......................................................................................................................... 18 Base/Neutral/Acid (BNA) Organic Compounds ............................................................... 18 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) (extended list) ............................................. 18 Chlorinated Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Aroclors ............................ 18 PCB Congeners ................................................................................................................. 18 Benthic Community Analyses ............................................................................................... 18 Sample Processing and Sorting ......................................................................................... 18 Taxonomic Identification .................................................................................................. 19 Data Summary, Display, and Statistical Analysis ................................................................... 19 Toxicity Testing .................................................................................................................... 19 Amphipod Survival - Solid Phase .................................................................................... 19 Sea Urchin Fertilization - Pore Water .............................................................................. 19 Microbial Bioluminescence (MicrotoxTM) - Organic Solvent Extract .............................. 20 Page i
Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochrome P450) Response . Organic Solvent Extract .................................................................................................. 20 Incidence and Severity. Spatial Patterns and Gradients. and Spatial Extent of Sediment Toxicity ........................................................................... 21 Concordance Among Toxicity Tests ................................................................................. 21 Chemical Analyses ................................................................................................................ 21 Spatial Patterns and Spatial Extent of Sediment Contamination ...................................... 21 ChemistryIToxicity Relationships ......................................................................................... 22 Benthic Community Analyses ............................................................................................... 23 Benthic CommunityIChemistry and Benthic CommunityIToxicity Analyses ...................... 23 Sediment Quality Triad Analyses .......................................................................................... 23 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Toxicity Testing ...................................................................................................................... 25 Incidence and Severity of Toxicity ........................................................................................ 25 Amphipod Survival - Solid Phase ..................................................................................... 25 Sea Urchin Fertilization - Pore Water .............................................................................. 25 Microbial Bioluminescence (MicrotoxTM) and Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochrome P450) Response - Organic Solvent Extract ................................................. 26 Spatial Patterns and Gradients in Toxicity ............................................................................ 27 Amphipod Survival and Sea Urchin Fertilization ............................................................. 28 Microbial Bioluminescence (MicrotoxTM) ........................................................................ 28 Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochrome P450) .......................................................... 29 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 29 Spatial Extent of Toxicity ..................................................................................................... 30 Concordance among Toxicity Tests ...................................................................................... 30 Chemical Analyses .................................................................................................................. 31 Grain Size .............................................................................................................................. 31 Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Temperature. and Salinity ..................................................... 31 Metals and Organics .............................................................................................................. 31 Spatial Patterns in Chemical Contamination ......................................................................... 32 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 34 Spatial Extent of Chemical Contamination ........................................................................... 34 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 36 Relationships between Measures of Toxicity and Chemical Concentrations ....................... 36 Toxicity vs . Classes of Chemical Compounds .................................................................. 36 . . Toxicity vs . Individual Chemicals ..................................................................................... 37 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 39 Benthic Community Analyses ................................................................................................. 39 Community Composition and Benthic Indices ..................................................................... 39 Total Abundance ............................................................................................................... 39 Major Taxa Abundance ..................................................................................................... 40 Taxa Richness ................................................................................................................... 41 Evenness ............................................................................................................................ 41 Swartz' s Dominance Index (SDI) ..................................................................................... 41 Summary .......................................................................................................................... -41 Page ii
Page 1 and 2: National Status and Trends Program
Page 3: Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Yea
Page 7 and 8: List of Appendices Appendix A . Det
Page 9 and 10: Figure 10. Results of 1998 Microtox
Page 11 and 12: Figure 38. Central Puget Sound stat
Page 13 and 14: Table 14. Number of 1998 central Pu
Page 15 and 16: Table 34. Triad results for 1998 ce
Page 17 and 18: Abstract As a component of a three-
Page 19 and 20: tests; and 3% of the area in the cy
Page 21 and 22: Data from this central Puget Sound
Page 23 and 24: Project Background Introduction hi
Page 25 and 26: Considerable research has been cond
Page 27 and 28: toxicants in regions of Puget Sound
Page 29 and 30: This report includes a summary of t
Page 31 and 32: stations within each stratum were c
Page 33 and 34: jugs which had been washed, acid-st
Page 35 and 36: clean, filtered (0.45 um), Port Ara
Page 37 and 38: have been exposed to one or more of
Page 39 and 40: enforcement studies. Seven addition
Page 41 and 42: analyses will be reported elsewhere
Page 43 and 44: 100 samples were compared to the up
Page 45 and 46: Correlations were determined for al
Page 47 and 48: Results A record of all field notes
Page 49 and 50: As a corollary to and verification
Page 51 and 52: to station 15 1, then decreased ste
Page 53 and 54: variance of the other tests with re
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espectively, and each station had 1
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exceeded state criteria and nationa
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assays, enzyme induction was very h
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Isomers of DDT and most PCB congene
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Total abundance of miscellaneous ta
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(i.e., increasing toxicity), there
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Triad Synthesis: A Comparison of Ch
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Stratum 6, in Puget Sound's central
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grain size, rather than the toxicit
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Eight samples collected along the s
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Inlet), 170- 17 1 (Dyes Inlet), 1 1
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The results in the amphipod tests p
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Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochr
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The highest concentrations of mixtu
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and Conner, 1980; Gray, 1982: Becke
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However, benthic data have been gen
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data for benzoic acid, 44 samples h
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Literature Cited Adams, D.A., J.S.
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California Department of Fish and G
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and vicinity. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS
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Strait of Juan De Fuca Figure 1. Ma
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Figure 3a. Central Puget Sound samp
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Figure 3c. Central Puget Sound samp
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Figure 3e. Central Puget Sound samp
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I / Amphipod survival 0 not toxic s
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Figure 6. Summary of 1998 amphipod
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Amphipod survival 0 not toxic 0 sig
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Figure 10. Results of 1998 Microtox
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Figure 12. Results of 1998 Microtox
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Whidbey Rlsland Figure 14. Results
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Figure 16. Results of 1998 cytochro
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Seattle Figure 18. Results of 1998
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Figure 20. Sampling stations in Por
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1 6 0 Sinclair 1 9 Inlet ]\ 0 No Cr
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0 Rho = 0.928 o p < 0.0001 Sample 1
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0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 600
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Rho = -0.584 p < 0.0001 0 20 40 60
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Rho = 0.875 p < 0.0001 0 500 1000 1
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I 0 1 Stations lacking any signific
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0 Stations lacking any significant
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Table 1. Central Puget Sound sampli
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Table 2. Continued. Oxychlordane To
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Table 3. Chemistry Parameters: Labo
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Table 5. Benthic infaunal indices c
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Table 6. Continued. Stratum Locatio
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Table 6. Continued. Stratum Locatio
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Table 7. Continued. 100% pore water
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Table 7. Continued. 100% pore water
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Table 8. Results of MicrotoxTM test
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Table 8. Continued. ~icrotox~~ EC50
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Table 8. Continued. Microtox"" EC50
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Table 10. Spearman-rank correlation
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Table 12. Samples from 1998 central
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Table 13. Samples from 1998 central
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Table 13. Continued. Stratum, Sampl
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Table 14. Number of 1998 central Pu
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Table 14. Continued. - > ERMa > sQs
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Table 14. Continued. > E RM~ - > SQ
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Table 22. Total abundance, major ta
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Table 22. Continued. Annelida Arthr
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Table 22. Continued. Annelida Arthr
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Table 23. Continued. Central Basin
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Table 23. Continued. Stratum Sample
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if; c if; c Page 167
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Page 169
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is-
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Page 189
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Table 35. Distribution of results i
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Table 37. Spatial extent of toxicit
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Table 39. Spatial extent of toxicit
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Appendix A Detected chemicals from
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Appendix A. Continued. SQS Chemical
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Page 206
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Page 2 10
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Page 2 12
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Page 2 14
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Page 216
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Appendix B. Continued. Stratum Samp
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Page 220
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Page 222
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Page 224
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Page 226
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Appendix C. Continued. Tenip- Salin
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Page 230
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Page 232
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Appendix D. Table 1. Continued. % %
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Appendix D. Table 1. Continued. 22
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Appendix D. Table 2. Total organic
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Appendix D. Table 2. Continued. Str
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Page 242
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Appendix D, Figure 1. continued. St
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Appendix D, Figure 1. continued. St
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Page 254
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Appendix E. 1998 Central Puget Soun
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Appendix E. Continued. Phylum Class
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Appendix F Percent taxa abundance f
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Appendix F. Percent taxa abundance
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Page 279
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2 Â¥^ 2 ca so a * .0 cn 00 a 5 I
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Appendix G Infaunal taxa eliminated
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Aooendix R. Infaunal taxa eliminate
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Appendix H Triad data - Results of
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Page 290
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Page 292 nine
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Page 296
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Page 298
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nine OJllIO,) JO % Sl! [L'A!AJIls p
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Page 304
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atuni. Sample, Location umber of ER
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Page 308
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Page 3 10
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Stratum, Sample. Location Number of
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a~i11*31~!~3! [OJ1UO,) JO % Sl! J31
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Page 3 16
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Page 3 18
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Appendix I. Ranges in detected chem
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Appendix I. Continued. 9(H)Carbazol
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Appendix I. Continued. Mercury Nick
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Page 327
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Appendix J SEDQUAL surveys for the
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Appendix J. Continued. Agency Name
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Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 338
Page 362 and 363:
Page 340
Page 364 and 365:
Appendix K. Continued. Chrysene Dib
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