Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Year 2 - Center for Coastal ...

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Mean RLU, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of replicate analyses of each test solution are recorded. Enzyme fold induction (times background) is calculated as the mean RLU of the test solution divided by the mean RLU of the solvent blank. From the standard concentration-response curve for benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the HRGS response to 1 pg11nL is approximately 60. Data are converted to pg of B[a]P equivalents per g of sediment by considering the dry weight of the samples, the volume of solvent, the amount added to the well, and the factor of 60 for B[a]P. If 20 pL of the 2 mL extracts are used, then fold induction is multiplied by the volume factor of 100 and divided by 60 times the dry weight. Since testing at only one time interval (1 6 h) will not allow discrimination between PAHs and chlorinated hydrocarbons, the data are also expressed as Toxic Equivalents (TEQs). Based on a standard curve with a dioxinlfuran mixture, fold induction is equal to the TEQ (in pg1mL). Therefore, fold induction is multiplied by the volume factor (e.g., loo), and divided by the dry weight times 1000 to convert pg to the TEQ in nglg. Quality control tests are run with clean extracts spiked with tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and B[a]P to ensure compliance with results of previous tests. From a long-term control chart, the running average fold induction for 1 ngImL of dioxin is approximately 105, and fold induction for 1 pg/mL of B[a]P is 60. Tests are rerun if the coefficient of variation for replicates is greater than 2096, and if fold induction is over the linear range (100 fold). HRGS tests performed on extracts from Redfish Bay, Texas, are used as a negative control. For a given study area, the B[a]P equivalent data are used to calculate the mean, standard deviation and 99% confidence interval for all samples (Anderson et al., 1999a). Samples above the 99% confidence interval are generally considered to pose some chronic threat to benthic organisms. The values from one investigation are compared to the overall database to evaluate the magnitude of observed concentration. From analysis of the database, values less than 1 1 pglg B[a]P equivalents (B[a]PEq) are not likely to produce adverse effects, while impacts are uncertain between 11 and 37 pg B[a]PEqlg. Moderate effects are expected at 37 pglg, and sediment with over 60 pg B[a]PEq/g have been shown to be highly correlated with degraded benthic communities (Fairey, et al., 1996). Previous studies have shown a high correlation of the HRGS responses to extracts of sediments and tissues to the content of PAHs in the samples (Anderson et al. 1999a, 1999b). In a few samples from Elliott Bay in which enzyme induction responses were relatively high, analyses were conducted after both 6 and 16 hours of exposure. Because PAHs produce peak responses at 6 hours, while chlorinated compounds produce a maximum response at 16 hours, the ratio of the two responses allows a quick estimation of the primary contaminant type in the samples. Five of these samples were analyzed, in addition, for PCB congeners by EPA method 8082 and for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds by GCIMS SIM method. Chemical Analyses Laboratory analyses were performed for 157 parameters and chemical compounds (Table 2), including 133 trace metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons and selected normalizers (i.e., grain size, total organic carbon) that are routinely quantified by the NS&T Program. An additional 20 compounds were required by Ecology to ensure comparability with previous PSAMP and Page. 16
enforcement studies. Seven additional compounds were automatically quantified by Manchester Environmental Laboratory during analysis for the required compounds. Analytical procedures provided performance equivalent to those of the NS&T Program and the PSEP Protocols, including those for analyses of blanks and standard reference materials. Information was reported on recovery of spiked blanks, analytical precision with standard reference materials, and duplicate analyses of every 20th sample. The laboratory analytical methods and reporting limits for quantitation of the 157 chemistry parameters analyzed for are summarized in Table 3 and described in detail below. Methods and resolution levels for field collection of temperature and salinity are included in Table 4. Grain Size Analysis for grain size was performed according to the PSEP Protocols (PSEP, 1986). The PSEP grain size method is a sieve-pipette method. In this method, the sample is passed through a series of progressively smaller sieves, with each fraction being weighed. After this separation, the very fine material remaining is placed into a column of water, and allowed to settle. Aliquots are removed at measured intervals, and the amount of material in each settling fraction is measured. This parameter was contracted by Manchester to Hart Crowser, Seattle, Washington. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Total organic carbon analysis was performed according to PSEP Protocols (PSEP, 1986). The method involves drying sediment material, pretreatment and subsequent oxidation of the dried sediment, and determination of C02 by infra-red spectroscopy. Metals To maintain compatibility with previous PSAMP metals data, EPA Methods 305016010 were used for the determination of metals in sediment. Method 3050 is a strong acid (aqua regia) digest that has been used for the last several years by Ecology for the characterization of sediments for trace metal contamination. Method 3050 is also the recommended digestion technique for digestion of sediments in the recently revised PSEP protocols (PSEP, 1996~). This digestion does not yield geologic (total) recoveries for most analytes including silicon, iron, aluminum and manganese. It does, however, recover quantitatively most anthropogenic metals contamination and deposition. For comparison with NOAA's national bioeffects survey's existing database, Manchester simultaneously performed a total (hydrofluoric acid-based) digestion (EPA method 3052) on portions of the same samples. Determination of metals values for both sets of extracts were made via ICP, ICP-MS, or GFAA, using a variety of EPA methods (Table 3) depending upon the appropriateness of the technique for each analyte. Mercury Mercury was determined by USEPA Method 245.5, mercury in sediment by cold vapor atomic absorption (CVAA). The method consists of a strong acid sediment digestion, followed by reduction of ionic mercury to ~ g', and analysis of mercury by cold vapor atomic absorption. Page 17
Page 1 and 2: National Status and Trends Program
Page 3 and 4: Sediment Quality in Puget Sound Yea
Page 5 and 6: Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochr
Page 7 and 8: List of Appendices Appendix A . Det
Page 9 and 10: Figure 10. Results of 1998 Microtox
Page 11 and 12: Figure 38. Central Puget Sound stat
Page 13 and 14: Table 14. Number of 1998 central Pu
Page 15 and 16: Table 34. Triad results for 1998 ce
Page 17 and 18: Abstract As a component of a three-
Page 19 and 20: tests; and 3% of the area in the cy
Page 21 and 22: Data from this central Puget Sound
Page 23 and 24: Project Background Introduction hi
Page 25 and 26: Considerable research has been cond
Page 27 and 28: toxicants in regions of Puget Sound
Page 29 and 30: This report includes a summary of t
Page 31 and 32: stations within each stratum were c
Page 33 and 34: jugs which had been washed, acid-st
Page 35 and 36: clean, filtered (0.45 um), Port Ara
Page 37: have been exposed to one or more of
Page 41 and 42: analyses will be reported elsewhere
Page 43 and 44: 100 samples were compared to the up
Page 45 and 46: Correlations were determined for al
Page 47 and 48: Results A record of all field notes
Page 49 and 50: As a corollary to and verification
Page 51 and 52: to station 15 1, then decreased ste
Page 53 and 54: variance of the other tests with re
Page 55 and 56: espectively, and each station had 1
Page 57 and 58: exceeded state criteria and nationa
Page 59 and 60: assays, enzyme induction was very h
Page 61 and 62: Isomers of DDT and most PCB congene
Page 63 and 64: Total abundance of miscellaneous ta
Page 65 and 66: (i.e., increasing toxicity), there
Page 67 and 68: Triad Synthesis: A Comparison of Ch
Page 69 and 70: Stratum 6, in Puget Sound's central
Page 71 and 72: grain size, rather than the toxicit
Page 73 and 74: Eight samples collected along the s
Page 75 and 76: Inlet), 170- 17 1 (Dyes Inlet), 1 1
Page 77 and 78: The results in the amphipod tests p
Page 79 and 80: Human Reporter Gene System (Cytochr
Page 81 and 82: The highest concentrations of mixtu
Page 83 and 84: and Conner, 1980; Gray, 1982: Becke
Page 85 and 86: However, benthic data have been gen
Page 87 and 88: data for benzoic acid, 44 samples h
Page 89 and 90:
Literature Cited Adams, D.A., J.S.
Page 91 and 92:
California Department of Fish and G
Page 93 and 94:
and vicinity. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS
Page 95 and 96:
Strait of Juan De Fuca Figure 1. Ma
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 3a. Central Puget Sound samp
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 3c. Central Puget Sound samp
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Figure 3e. Central Puget Sound samp
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I / Amphipod survival 0 not toxic s
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Figure 6. Summary of 1998 amphipod
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Amphipod survival 0 not toxic 0 sig
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Figure 10. Results of 1998 Microtox
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 12. Results of 1998 Microtox
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Whidbey Rlsland Figure 14. Results
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Figure 16. Results of 1998 cytochro
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Seattle Figure 18. Results of 1998
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Figure 20. Sampling stations in Por
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1 6 0 Sinclair 1 9 Inlet ]\ 0 No Cr
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0 Rho = 0.928 o p < 0.0001 Sample 1
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0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 600
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Rho = -0.584 p < 0.0001 0 20 40 60
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Rho = 0.875 p < 0.0001 0 500 1000 1
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I 0 1 Stations lacking any signific
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0 Stations lacking any significant
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Table 1. Central Puget Sound sampli
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Table 2. Continued. Oxychlordane To
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Table 3. Chemistry Parameters: Labo
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Table 5. Benthic infaunal indices c
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Table 6. Continued. Stratum Locatio
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Table 6. Continued. Stratum Locatio
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Table 7. Continued. 100% pore water
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Table 7. Continued. 100% pore water
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Table 8. Results of MicrotoxTM test
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Table 8. Continued. ~icrotox~~ EC50
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Table 8. Continued. Microtox"" EC50
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Table 10. Spearman-rank correlation
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Table 12. Samples from 1998 central
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Table 13. Samples from 1998 central
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Table 13. Continued. Stratum, Sampl
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Table 14. Number of 1998 central Pu
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Table 14. Continued. - > ERMa > sQs
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Table 14. Continued. > E RM~ - > SQ
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Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
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Table 22. Total abundance, major ta
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Table 22. Continued. Annelida Arthr
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Table 22. Continued. Annelida Arthr
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Table 23. Continued. Central Basin
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Table 23. Continued. Stratum Sample
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if; c if; c Page 167
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Page 169
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Page 195 and 196:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 176
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Page 178
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Page 180
Page 204 and 205:
Page 182
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Page 184
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is-
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Page 189
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Page 191
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Table 35. Distribution of results i
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Table 37. Spatial extent of toxicit
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Table 39. Spatial extent of toxicit
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Appendix A Detected chemicals from
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Appendix A. Continued. SQS Chemical
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Page 228 and 229:
Page 206
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 2 10
Page 234 and 235:
Page 2 12
Page 236 and 237:
Page 2 14
Page 238 and 239:
Page 216
Page 240 and 241:
Appendix B. Continued. Stratum Samp
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Page 220
Page 244 and 245:
Page 222
Page 246 and 247:
Page 224
Page 248 and 249:
Page 226
Page 250 and 251:
Appendix C. Continued. Tenip- Salin
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Page 230
Page 254 and 255:
Page 232
Page 256 and 257:
Appendix D. Table 1. Continued. % %
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Appendix D. Table 1. Continued. 22
Page 260 and 261:
Appendix D. Table 2. Total organic
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Appendix D. Table 2. Continued. Str
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Page 242
Page 266 and 267:
Page 244
Page 268 and 269:
Page 246
Page 270 and 271:
Page 248
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Appendix D, Figure 1. continued. St
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Appendix D, Figure 1. continued. St
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Page 254
Page 279 and 280:
Appendix E. 1998 Central Puget Soun
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Appendix E. Continued. Phylum Class
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Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Appendix F Percent taxa abundance f
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Appendix F. Percent taxa abundance
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Page 279
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2 Â¥^ 2 ca so a * .0 cn 00 a 5 I
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Appendix G Infaunal taxa eliminated
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Aooendix R. Infaunal taxa eliminate
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Appendix H Triad data - Results of
Page 312 and 313:
Page 290
Page 314 and 315:
Page 292 nine
Page 316 and 317:
Page 294
Page 318 and 319:
Page 296
Page 320 and 321:
Page 298
Page 322 and 323:
Page 300
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nine OJllIO,) JO % Sl! [L'A!AJIls p
Page 326 and 327:
Page 304
Page 328 and 329:
atuni. Sample, Location umber of ER
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Page 308
Page 332 and 333:
Page 3 10
Page 334 and 335:
Stratum, Sample. Location Number of
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a~i11*31~!~3! [OJ1UO,) JO % Sl! J31
Page 338 and 339:
Page 3 16
Page 340 and 341:
Page 3 18
Page 343 and 344:
Appendix I. Ranges in detected chem
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Appendix I. Continued. 9(H)Carbazol
Page 347 and 348:
Appendix I. Continued. Mercury Nick
Page 349 and 350:
Page 327
Page 351:
Appendix J SEDQUAL surveys for the
Page 354 and 355:
Appendix J. Continued. Agency Name
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 338
Page 362 and 363:
Page 340
Page 364 and 365:
Appendix K. Continued. Chrysene Dib
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