D10: Impact of Contaminants - Hydromod
D10: Impact of Contaminants - Hydromod
D10: Impact of Contaminants - Hydromod
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Integrated Water Resource Management for Important Deep European Lakes and their Catchment Areas<br />
EUROLAKES<br />
<strong>D10</strong>: <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Contaminants</strong><br />
FP5_Contract No.: EVK1-CT1999-00004<br />
Version: 4.0<br />
Date: 25/07/01<br />
File: <strong>D10</strong>-vers.4.0.doc<br />
Page 61 <strong>of</strong> 136<br />
10 THE CATCHMENT AREAS<br />
Anthropogenic land use, especially agricultural and forestry, has an important influence<br />
on the quality <strong>of</strong> ground and surface water and also influences the whole water balance.<br />
Water quality can be influenced by the input <strong>of</strong> pollutants and nutrients from both<br />
diffuse and point sources. Besides this the water balance can be changed by different<br />
actions like sealing <strong>of</strong> land, water regulation and land amelioration [WINKLER 1996].<br />
[WINKLER 1996] refers to the necessity <strong>of</strong> a registration and evaluation <strong>of</strong> land use in<br />
accordance with their influence on the water balance and quality to protect the ground<br />
and surface water as well as water reservoirs, and for the restoration <strong>of</strong> alreadyimpaired<br />
water resources.<br />
In the catchments investigated diffuse and point sources are identified and their impacts<br />
are described. Point sources include local and industrial sewage, collected by<br />
sewers and transported via sewage treatment plants into the surface waters. . Precipitation<br />
water directly passed into surface water, sewage from domestic sewage plants as<br />
well as untreated sewage from individual farms and sewage water from leaky sewers<br />
are also point sources. Inputs like surface run<strong>of</strong>f, sewage and direct input <strong>of</strong> substances<br />
from the atmosphere are diffuse sources [PRASUHN et al 1996].<br />
Besides these influences a major source <strong>of</strong> endocrine disrupters is sewage treatment<br />
plants because they can not be eliminated by the common treatment methods.<br />
In the following the lakes and their catchment areas are introduced and the land use<br />
and data about pollution sources concerning the special hazard contamination <strong>of</strong> endocrine<br />
disrupters are described.<br />
The Figure 10-1 shows the pollution inputs into water caused by agriculture, transport,<br />
industry and households being the major sources <strong>of</strong> water pollution.<br />
Figure 10-1: Pollution inputs into water [BUWAL a]
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