D10: Impact of Contaminants - Hydromod

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Integrated Water Resource Management for Important Deep European Lakes and their Catchment Areas EUROLAKES D10: Impact of Contaminants Land Use and Industry in the Lake Geneva Catchment FP5_Contract No.: EVK1-CT1999-00004 Version: 4.0 Date: 25/07/01 File: D10-vers.4.0.doc Page 72 of 136 Figure 10-6 shows the proportion of population, industry and tourism in the Lake Geneva catchment. Important industries are chemical industry, mechanics, power plants, ironworks and cement works and clock industry. The locations with the highest population are in the areas of Geneva, Lausanne, Nyon, Evian and Montreux . Figure 10-6: Population, industry and tourism in the Lake Geneva Catchment Area [CIPEL 2000a Regarding the land use in this area Figure 10-7 gives an overview. Near the lake shore extensive and intensive cultivation are dominating beside areas used for viniculture. Beside this, there are although forests as well as pastures and meadows.
Integrated Water Resource Management for Important Deep European Lakes and their Catchment Areas EUROLAKES D10: Impact of Contaminants Figure 10-7: Land use in the Catchment Area of Lake Geneva [CIPEL 2000a] Drinking Water Extraction and Sewage Treatment FP5_Contract No.: EVK1-CT1999-00004 Version: 4.0 Date: 25/07/01 File: D10-vers.4.0.doc Page 73 of 136 Lake Geneva is one of the greatest drinking water reservoirs in West Europe. After a simple treatment the water can be used as drinking water. At Lake Geneva there are 11 of such treatment plants. Metals dissolved in the water and unnatural micro-pollutants are hardly or not removed by this treatment. Currently, in the middle of the lake the water comply with the legal requirements for drinking water concerning all measured substances like e.g. metals and pesticides but some of them could be proved in traces. Although the concentrations are low they are undesired [CIPEL 2000c]. In the catchment area of Lake Geneva 80 % of the population have a connection to a sewage treatment plant in 1991 and now in 2000 there are 90 % [CIPEL 2000d]. Pollution Situation in Lake Geneva There are no systematic studies of occurrence of natural or synthetic estrogens in Switzerland. The environment can be influenced by the load of hormonal active substances. But today the degree of this influence can not be assessed because there are exist only a few investigations about and the complexity of the effect mechanisms. The inadequate knowledge about pollution in Switzerland and the possible disturbances associated with it point to a requirement for research. There is a need for research into identifying endocrine disrupters, characterisation of their effects and risk assessment [BÄTSCHER et al. 1999]. In Switzerland approximately 400 active substances are authorised in pesticides. For ground water the threshold value is 0.1 µg/l for the single substance res. 0.1 µg/l for a single pesticide [BUWAL a]. At the monitoring of 12 flowing waters pesticides have been proved. The concentrations were low but in certain situations there is a risk for the water biology. Triazine contain-
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D10: Impact of Contaminants - Hydromod

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