D10: Impact of Contaminants - Hydromod

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Integrated Water Resource Management for Important Deep European Lakes and their Catchment Areas EUROLAKES D10: Impact of Contaminants FP5_Contract No.: EVK1-CT1999-00004 Version: 4.0 Date: 25/07/01 File: D10-vers.4.0.doc Page 70 of 136 flowing waters to protect the aquatic communities. Because of its high volume the pesticide load from the Seefelder Aach cause no risk for the lake but the catchment of this flowing water is only a small part of 2.4 % of the whole catchment area of the Bodensee. In comparison of the 17 feeders of Lake Constance in Schussen, Mühlbach Randolfzell and Mühlbach Friedrichshafen increased concentrations are found. Even higher concentrations are found in the Kasernengraben and can be named as “heavy contaminated”. The survey of [HETZENAUER 1997] shows, that even small feeders often are contaminated with higher concentrations. This small feeders are not so important for the overall loads flowing into Lake Constance. But higher concentrations could be local harmful to the nearshore in the estuary. (For the limnological condition of Lake Constance this area play an important part. For this reason it is necessary to reduce also the contamination of the small feeders to a tolerable level. In the survey of SCHLICHTIG et al 2001 a total diuron load of 40 % have been detected in the Seefelder Aach. This cannot be the result of the agricultural diuron use and causes the research need in non-agricultural areas. 10.2 CATCHMENT AREA OF LAKE GENEVA (LAC LÉMAN) Lake Geneva is located in the Alps and of glacial origin is bordered by Switzerland in the north and France in the south. The lake is divided in two parts, the "small lake" and the "large lake" (Figure 10-4). The "small lake" in the west part has a volume of 3 km³, a maximum depth of 76 m and a water surface of 81.2 km². The eastern "large lake" has a volume of 86 km³, a maximum depth of 309.7 m and a water surface of 498.9 km². Lake Geneva has a surface of 580.1 km² whereof 234.8 km² are located in France and 345.3 km² in Switzerland (cantons Waadt, Wallis and Geneva). The mean volume come to 89 km³ and the mean rate of discharge between 1935 and 1996 were 250 m³/s. The theoretical retention time of the water is 11.4 years [CIPEL 200a].
Integrated Water Resource Management for Important Deep European Lakes and their Catchment Areas EUROLAKES D10: Impact of Contaminants FP5_Contract No.: EVK1-CT1999-00004 Version: 4.0 Date: 25/07/01 File: D10-vers.4.0.doc Figure 10-4: Lake Geneva [CIPEL 2000a] Page 71 of 136 The catchment area with the lake mount up to 7 975 km² and without the lake to 7 393 km². 890 km² of this area belong to France and 6 503 km² to Switzerland (Figure 10-5). The most important kinds of land use are forests (22 %), pastures (23 %), arable land (20.5 %) and non arable areas (34.5 %). The 1 515.5 km² arable land is distributed as follows: 63.1 % meadows, 26.7 % fallow land, 6.6 % vines, 2.6 % intensive orchards and 1 % vegetable growing. The catchment area of Lake Geneva has a population of 904 550 people [CIPEL 200a]. Figure 10-6 and Figure 10-7 show the situation concerning population, industry and tourism res. the land use in the catchment. Figure 10-5: Catchment Area of Lake Geneva [CIPEL 2000a]
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D10: Impact of Contaminants - Hydromod

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