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similar tropical areas of America and Africa, were related to the mosquito-borne diseases indigenous to both areas, which were neither depicted on a map nor mentioned in any brochures of either company. It does not seem to have occurred to anyone that if this was a tropical paradise (Illustrations 4.1 and 4.2) 229 there must be a reason why had no one had taken advantage of it before. The story of how the disastrous British colony was sold as an opportunity for significant potential to the Belgians is long and complicated. It was envisioned by its original stockholders around the possibility of a quick financial return on very little investment, and, at least from Leopold’s perspective, a potential colonial base from which to raise Belgium to the level of other European imperial powers. 230 If there was any nation that could be trusted in the realm of colonialism it was surely Britain, or so the Belgian entrepreneurs thought. The actual process whereby the Belgian company substituted itself for the East Coast of Central America Commercial and Agricultural Company in eastern Guatemala, referred to as Verapaz, is complicated. Initially, the transfer revolved around Count Henri Charles Obert, a stockholder in the British company, and his connections to like- minded entrepreneurs in Brussels. Obert was able to assemble a group of Belgian failed settlement on the Mosquito Coast of Nicaragua and the Guatemala settlement at Abbottsville did not improve the credibility of the enterprise. 229 These two illustrations in the company’s publication, give somewhat of an unrealistic representation of what life in Santo Tomas actually looked like. La Compagnie Belge De Colonisation, Amérique Centrale Colonisation Du District De Santo-Thomas De Guatemala, Par La Communauté De L'union, Fondée Par La Compagnie Belge De Colonisation (Paris: Rignoux, 1844), preface. 230 The two standard historical, but dated, works in French on the colony of Santo Tomas are Nicolas Leysbeth, Historique de la colonization Belge Santo-Tomas Guatemala (Bruxelles: Nouvelle 113
4.1 Illustration of Guatemala City investors who, in January of 1842, agreed to buy approximately one million acres of the original grant. 231 The details of the transaction are of no relevance to the general picture of the circumstances that produced the colony and eventually doomed it. What is relevant is how the desire for quick profits based not on colonists but on land sales proved fatal from the start. Count Théophile de Hompesch, a friend of Leopold’s, was instrumental in this regard. Despite the opposition of the cabinet which remained Society d’Editions, 1938); and Joseph Fabri, Les Belges au Guatemala (Bruxelles: Académie royale des sciences d’outre mer, 1955). 231 Joseph Fabri, 30-34. 114
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EARLY BELGIAN COLONIAL EFFORTS: THE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements m
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Archive at Windsor proved to be suc
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even during tax season. Some things
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truths that merit, no demand, their
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AMAE Archives
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we are to understand the non-Wester
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insight into the nature of Belgian
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ackground, demand, or other compell
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Santa Catarina in Brazil is a signi
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oth the original script document an
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man many consider the most influent
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Palmerston are nonexistent. Lastly,
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Nunez Affair; Competition, Diplomac
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CHAPTER 2 BELGIUM AND NINETEENTH CE
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more difficult issues of a study of
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Johnson. This was the same whether
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imperialism were generally thought
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of iron into steel; and massive cor
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in the overcrowded cities and facto
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cultural superiority, along with th
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Sahara Desert was simply the “Dar
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asis of wealth, now gave way to the
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What did Belgium look like in the p
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ecstatic; his kingdom would double
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that settled and secured Belgian in
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of the monarchy under the protestan
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Given the limitations and inherent
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As the members of the chambers bega
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markets and there was a series of d
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government. Leopold’s position as
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Leopold made a great effort to incr
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connection to soften his opposition
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that the potential for harm from Le
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modern states of Thuringia and Bava
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During this first period, from his
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Page 77 and 78: After the diplomatic battles in 184
Page 79 and 80: continuing through the end of the 1
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Page 89 and 90: minister (probably)? Did it reach t
Page 91 and 92: information, however, to allow a di
Page 93 and 94: with Belgium, Hamilton was successf
Page 95 and 96: time, Pirson traveled to Galveston,
Page 97 and 98: Specifically in his letter of Febru
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Page 101 and 102: announcement of the boat for New Or
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Page 105 and 106: advertisement rates, and the availa
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Page 109 and 110: political instability evidenced by
Page 111 and 112: Secondly, it is surprising that Pir
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Page 115 and 116: Leopold was either reacting to the
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Page 119 and 120: Similarly, there was no religious f
Page 121 and 122: CHAPTER 4 SANTO TOMAS 214 The colon
Page 123 and 124: In the late 1830s, as a result of i
Page 125: an English company, and others may
Page 129 and 130: 4.2 Illustration of Santo Tomas gov
Page 131 and 132: The second report, by Dr. Dechange,
Page 133 and 134: health and climate issues, but rath
Page 135 and 136: Finally shaken out of its complacen
Page 137 and 138: It may seem strange to ask why Sant
Page 139 and 140: a new treaty with Guatemala. Blonde
Page 141 and 142: 1854, verified the absolute foolish
Page 143 and 144: expand them. There was a strong cal
Page 145 and 146: position. 274 Simultaneously with t
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Page 149 and 150: Early maps had been somewhat genera
Page 151 and 152: CHAPTER 5 SANTA CATARINA The Belgia
Page 153 and 154: Van Lede’s initial contact with t
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Page 157 and 158: were not in the Company’s name bu
Page 159 and 160: Under Fontaine the colony deteriora
Page 161 and 162: have much broader support in the ch
Page 163 and 164: outcasts and convicts. 315 What is
Page 165 and 166: A more interesting aspect of any at
Page 167 and 168: 5.1 Map of Santa Catarina Province
Page 169 and 170: CHAPTER 6 RIO NUNEZ Any discussion
Page 171 and 172: A general consensus among historian
Page 173 and 174: Van Haverbeke’s voyage which bega
Page 175 and 176: These main two ethnic groups, the L
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Cohen was also in the forefront of
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several changes to its contents, va
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the treaty, thus ending the Belgian
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Belgian navy. A total of three diff
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Durant observed that it was the dri
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The third trip to the Nunez took pl
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There is no way to know if Leopold
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minister Otto von Bismarck. It also
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Rogier to relocate funds and make t
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As was the case with Santo Tomas, t
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the cessation of the yearly appeara
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vessels is highly commendable. The
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observations, the primitive medicin
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6.3 Boké Sketch 399 This was a ske
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The examination of the four colonia
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Britain he had always envisioned be
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attempt in Rio Nunez are good examp
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to deal with a constant stream of p
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The Belgian people responded to the
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almost impossible for a white man t
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We are told that the personal relat
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Texas would not have met criteria n
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historiography is lagging behind. T
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Center for American History, Univer
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Lede, Charles Maximilien Louis van.
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Bayly, C. A. The Birth of the Moder
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________. The World and the West: T
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Feys, Torsten. "The Emigration Poli
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Janssens, G., and Jean Stengers. No
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Maselis, Patrick. From the Azores t
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Richardson, Joanna. My Dearest Uncl
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Watelet, Marcel. Cartographie et po
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