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the vision of the colony created by maps and other images available at the time created a wanderlust or desire for the Eden across the sea. Of all Leopold’s colonial attempts, none were more cartographically represented than Santo Tomas. 280 New depictions of the colony produced by the Compagnie, especially for the king, seemed to widen the distance between reality and perception. 280 Ansiaux and Reinhartz, 241-259. 4.4 Map of Central America by Dally 135
Early maps had been somewhat general. The maps of Jean Dorn 281 (4.3) introduced maps with weight and substance. Located here were real flesh and blood Belgians. Additionally, there were additional maps (4.4) 282 of the Americas and Vera Paz Province, Guatemala created by Nicholas Dally for the king. The problem was that the actual plots and habitations contained little that would have been recognizable to the villagers of Belgium. The village of Santo Tomas was little more than shacks and huts. Additionally, many of the inhabitants had either left or died. These maps could be used to show stability and order where little existed. Although there is no actual record of their use as such, Dorn’s and Dally’s maps were doubtlessly used by the Compagnie as it made its last desperate efforts to obtain financial salvation both from the public at large and the very skeptical chambers. In the end the effort failed. The fundamental reason, at least in the beginning, for the failure of the British and Belgian colonial attempts seems to have been the general ignorance and lack of understanding on the part of all involved as to the tropical nature of the area to be colonized and the resultant deadly conditions in terms of disease and habitability that existed in Central America. What part did maps play in this misunderstanding? It is difficult to know how much reliance was placed on the maps of Santo Tomas. The stylized nature of the maps and their pictorial inserts would seem to bring one to a recognition and sense of 281 Jean Dorn “Guatemala, District of Santo Tomas (1843), vol. XXIV page III 9.567, BRAI. Jean Dorn was an officer on several of the missions to Santo Tomas that produced these maps. 282 Map 6, Nicolas Dally, ‘Nouvelle carte…l’Amerique centrale” (1843), vol. XXIII, page III 11.180, lithographed by J. Bielards, Brussels, BRAI, is an example of sophisticated propaganda. The map was dedicated to Leopold by the Compagnie and relates the little colony of Santo Tomas to all of Central America and the Caribbean. Also see , unk, “Guatamela District, Santo Tomas (1840?), vol. XXIV, page III 9.560. 136
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EARLY BELGIAN COLONIAL EFFORTS: THE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements m
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Archive at Windsor proved to be suc
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even during tax season. Some things
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truths that merit, no demand, their
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AMAE Archives
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we are to understand the non-Wester
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insight into the nature of Belgian
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ackground, demand, or other compell
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Santa Catarina in Brazil is a signi
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oth the original script document an
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man many consider the most influent
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Palmerston are nonexistent. Lastly,
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Nunez Affair; Competition, Diplomac
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CHAPTER 2 BELGIUM AND NINETEENTH CE
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more difficult issues of a study of
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Johnson. This was the same whether
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imperialism were generally thought
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of iron into steel; and massive cor
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in the overcrowded cities and facto
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cultural superiority, along with th
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Sahara Desert was simply the “Dar
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asis of wealth, now gave way to the
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What did Belgium look like in the p
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ecstatic; his kingdom would double
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that settled and secured Belgian in
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of the monarchy under the protestan
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Given the limitations and inherent
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As the members of the chambers bega
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markets and there was a series of d
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government. Leopold’s position as
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Leopold made a great effort to incr
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connection to soften his opposition
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that the potential for harm from Le
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modern states of Thuringia and Bava
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During this first period, from his
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first, but the time will come when
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After the diplomatic battles in 184
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continuing through the end of the 1
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Henry John Temple, the third Viscou
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ellicose, and sometimes treasonous.
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pledged his loyalty for life to the
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control or domination of one nation
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minister (probably)? Did it reach t
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information, however, to allow a di
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with Belgium, Hamilton was successf
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time, Pirson traveled to Galveston,
Page 97 and 98: Specifically in his letter of Febru
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Page 101 and 102: announcement of the boat for New Or
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Page 109 and 110: political instability evidenced by
Page 111 and 112: Secondly, it is surprising that Pir
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Page 115 and 116: Leopold was either reacting to the
Page 117 and 118: further than it did. 210 The much l
Page 119 and 120: Similarly, there was no religious f
Page 121 and 122: CHAPTER 4 SANTO TOMAS 214 The colon
Page 123 and 124: In the late 1830s, as a result of i
Page 125 and 126: an English company, and others may
Page 127 and 128: 4.1 Illustration of Guatemala City
Page 129 and 130: 4.2 Illustration of Santo Tomas gov
Page 131 and 132: The second report, by Dr. Dechange,
Page 133 and 134: health and climate issues, but rath
Page 135 and 136: Finally shaken out of its complacen
Page 137 and 138: It may seem strange to ask why Sant
Page 139 and 140: a new treaty with Guatemala. Blonde
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Page 145 and 146: position. 274 Simultaneously with t
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Page 151 and 152: CHAPTER 5 SANTA CATARINA The Belgia
Page 153 and 154: Van Lede’s initial contact with t
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Page 157 and 158: were not in the Company’s name bu
Page 159 and 160: Under Fontaine the colony deteriora
Page 161 and 162: have much broader support in the ch
Page 163 and 164: outcasts and convicts. 315 What is
Page 165 and 166: A more interesting aspect of any at
Page 167 and 168: 5.1 Map of Santa Catarina Province
Page 169 and 170: CHAPTER 6 RIO NUNEZ Any discussion
Page 171 and 172: A general consensus among historian
Page 173 and 174: Van Haverbeke’s voyage which bega
Page 175 and 176: These main two ethnic groups, the L
Page 177 and 178: Cohen was also in the forefront of
Page 179 and 180: several changes to its contents, va
Page 181 and 182: the treaty, thus ending the Belgian
Page 183 and 184: Belgian navy. A total of three diff
Page 185 and 186: Durant observed that it was the dri
Page 187 and 188: The third trip to the Nunez took pl
Page 189 and 190: There is no way to know if Leopold
Page 191 and 192: minister Otto von Bismarck. It also
Page 193 and 194: Rogier to relocate funds and make t
Page 195 and 196: As was the case with Santo Tomas, t
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vessels is highly commendable. The
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observations, the primitive medicin
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6.3 Boké Sketch 399 This was a ske
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The examination of the four colonia
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Britain he had always envisioned be
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attempt in Rio Nunez are good examp
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to deal with a constant stream of p
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The Belgian people responded to the
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almost impossible for a white man t
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We are told that the personal relat
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Texas would not have met criteria n
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historiography is lagging behind. T
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Center for American History, Univer
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Lede, Charles Maximilien Louis van.
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Bayly, C. A. The Birth of the Moder
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________. The World and the West: T
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Feys, Torsten. "The Emigration Poli
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Janssens, G., and Jean Stengers. No
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Maselis, Patrick. From the Azores t
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Richardson, Joanna. My Dearest Uncl
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Watelet, Marcel. Cartographie et po
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