Western Ghats Kokum Foundation - Organic Farming Association of ...

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fruit trees and medicinal plant species, devising propagation techniques, establishing large-scale cultivation and harnessing commercially exploitable products. Needless to say, it is imperative that intellectual property rights be considered for sustainable prosperity. Historical perspectives and sustained interactions with the agricultural, medical and pharmaceutical communities of the Western Ghats Region have confirmed the belief that Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) is the fruit tree of choice for the region. With the defined goal to promote Kokum as a commercial medicinal fruit plant of the region that needs to take the centre stage as major fruit crop of West Coast of India, the Western Ghats Kokum Foundation since its formation in 2001 has worked systematically for the past decade to bring out awareness, promotion of improved varieties, scientific propagation, cultivation and harvesting and finally promoting suitable traditional and technology products of Garcinia indica for the markets. All this is reflected in the three national Seminars on Kokum organized in 2001, 2005 and 2011 respectively, covered in this Resource Book of Kokum. Throughout these activities the foundation's focus is the farmer. Ensuring that he gets remunerative prices not only for his produce but more so, shares in the value added products by developing the required intermediates to the processors, on the farm premises itself. In the globalised scenario, farmer's prosperity will be linked to increasing his share in this value creation. Think Globally, Act Locally. . . . . Always! 5 Resource Book on Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) Western Ghats Kokum Foundation, Panaji - Goa
An Introduction to Kokum Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) is one of the native underexploited tree spice. It is mostly found in Konkan region of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Surat district of Gujarat on the West Coast of India and to some extent in the forests of Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal. In spite of its incredible medicinal and nutritive properties, kokum is generally not cultivated systematically on orchard scale like that of mango, cashew nut etc. It is mostly found as a kitchen garden plant or mixed crop in plantations of coconut, areca nut, as roadside plants or in forest. The common names for Kokum are Goa butter tree, Kokum butter tree, mangosteen oil tree. In Hindi it is known as Kokum while in Marathi it is variously known as bheranda bhiranda, kokamba, kokambi, ratamba, ratambi, tambada amba. In Tamil it is known as murgal, murgal-mara and in Malayalam it is kaattampi kokkam in Kannada it is called murgina, punarpuli, devana huli. In Oriya it is tintali and in Gujarati and Konkani it is Kokam or bhirind. In Sanskrit it is variously known as vrikshamia, amlabija, amlapura, amlashaka. In French, Italian and Spanish the name is spelt as cocum and in Portuguese it is known as brindao or brindonna. Kokum is a tropical evergreen tree, related to the mangosteens. A slender tree with sloping branches, it reaches heights of 15m (50 ft). The thin bark is lined and the leaves 1/2 oblong. The dark purple fruit is round, about 4 cm (1 in) in diameter with 5 - 8 seeds. The fruits are picked when ripe, the rind is then removed and soaked in the juice of the pulp and then sun-dried. The kokum was hitherto difficult to cultivate, usually growing as solitary trees in a tropical forest environment Kokum flourishes very well up to an elevation of about 800 m from MSL. It requires warm and humid tropical climate. It thrives well in coastal areas receiving over 250 cm of rainfall. It grows well in lateritic, alluvial soils having depth of 1.0 m and pH of 6.7. The locations where coconut and arecanut can be cultivated are suitable for kokum. Though kokum can be cultivated as a rainfed crop, it can not be cultivated on hill tops like mango or cashewnut. It can be grown as a monocrop or as a mixed crop in established coconut and arecanut plantation. Kokum plants respond well to irrigation during summer. Ripe kokum fruits harvested during April-May from a region/ locality and pool the produce at one point for processing. Value added products like salted juice (agal), syrup (amrut) or dried rind are prepared. The precise statistics regarding area production and productivity is not available as kokum is not planted in an organized manner. As per a base line survey in 2010, kokum is grown on about 1000 ha area in the Konkan region with production of about 4500 MT fruits. According to the survey conducted earlier by Chief Conservator of Forest out of the total 46,600 Kokum trees in the state of Maharashtra; 43,000 trees existed in Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg Districts. It was also reported that in South Konkan 1674 MT of Kokum fruits were used for production of dried Kokum rind, 757 MT for preparation of Kokum syrup and 40MT for manufacture of Kokum butter. Research on production technology for Kokum is being conducted at Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra, ICAR Research 6 Resource Book on Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) Western Ghats Kokum Foundation, Panaji - Goa
Page 1 and 2: Western Ghats Kokum Foundation’s
Page 3 and 4: Western Ghats Kokum Foundation’s
Page 5 and 6: Index of Contents I. Acknowledgemen
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgement We acknowledge with
Page 9: Globalisation and Kokum Ajit Shirod
Page 13 and 14: Kokum fruit contains compounds that
Page 15 and 16: Its rind powder and decoction are u
Page 17 and 18: An average kokum tree bears hundred
Page 19 and 20: 1st National Seminar on Kokum held
Page 21 and 22: Prospects on natural diversity in K
Page 23 and 24: of fruit. During the fruiting seaso
Page 25 and 26: was 2.39, 3.64 and 5.71 for acids i
Page 27 and 28: household level has been the tradit
Page 29 and 30: Composition and Uses of Kokum Due t
Page 31 and 32: Efforts are being made by ICAR and
Page 33 and 34: Future Strategies Since Kokum occur
Page 35 and 36: cultivation. Only agricultural prac
Page 37 and 38: Status and Prospects of Kokum in Ut
Page 39 and 40: Table 3: The Legal Classification o
Page 41 and 42: CONVENTIONAL PROPAGATION OF KOKUM K
Page 43 and 44: CROP IMPROVEMENT 38 Resource Book o
Page 45 and 46: strains of Kokum. Genotypes MLDK-5
Page 47 and 48: ) Flowering and Fruiting Pattern i)
Page 49 and 50: Mango and Kokum are perennial crop
Page 51 and 52: Present status and future thrust ar
Page 53 and 54: NEW VARIETIES OF KOKUM Konkan Hatis
Page 55 and 56: A. Sexual Propagation I) Seed and s
Page 57 and 58: ii) In-situ grafting In seedling po
Page 59 and 60: period from flower bud appearance t
Page 61 and 62:
Flowering Patterns in Kokum M. Bask
Page 63 and 64:
TISSUE CULTURE IN KOKUM a b c d e f
Page 65 and 66:
0.89 µm BAP for further elongation
Page 67 and 68:
was observed on half-strength MS me
Page 69 and 70:
POST HARVEST PROCESSING 64 Resource
Page 71 and 72:
MODERN METHOD OF DRYING RIND OF KOK
Page 73 and 74:
traditionally extracted by boiling
Page 75 and 76:
After adding required quantity of s
Page 77 and 78:
considered as a potential replaceme
Page 79 and 80:
Raw Kokum juice extraction After de
Page 81 and 82:
Chemical Characteristics of the Fat
Page 83 and 84:
Flow sheet 4 Brined Kokum Juice (Ag
Page 85 and 86:
COSMETICS MODERN PREPARATIONS FROM
Page 87 and 88:
new plant is upwards of 15 crores!
Page 89 and 90:
Food Processing - A Growing Busines
Page 91 and 92:
PRODUCTION OF MICROENCAPSULATED ANT
Page 93 and 94:
Identification, Extraction, Membran
Page 95 and 96:
WOW! ‘Wine Of Waste’ tropical f
Page 97 and 98:
alternate day. (6) After 21st day,
Page 99 and 100:
RIND 42% UTILIZATION OF KOKUM BEVER
Page 101 and 102:
anthocyanin and garcinol. An attrac
Page 103 and 104:
Kokum sherbet is also added to many
Page 105 and 106:
Chabukswar, M.M., Deodhar, M.A. (20
Page 107 and 108:
Joshi, G.D. 2005. Traditional metho
Page 109 and 110:
Nayak, C.A., Srinivas, P., Rastogi,
Page 111 and 112:
Tembe, R.P., Deodhar, M.A. (2011).
Page 113 and 114:
E-mails: Editors: Miguel Braganza,
Page 115 and 116:
2. To develop and standardize crop
Page 117 and 118:
for coming decade, Graft induced mo
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question slip. These were then sort
Page 121 and 122:
3rd National Seminar on Kokum held
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8. All along the Western Ghats stat
Page 125 and 126:
The Garcinia species Adapted from :
Page 127 and 128:
(HCA), which is the active ingredie
Page 129 and 130:
The constituents include—biflavon
Page 131 and 132:
Action, Medical uses and Dosage The
Page 133 and 134:
Medicinal Properties of Kokum Antio
Page 135 and 136:
malondialdehyde equivalents after a
Page 137:
Emerging role of Garcinol, the anti
Page 140 and 141:
KOKUM FRUIT PROCESSING MACHINES Sie
Page 142 and 143:
Other Benefits and Considerations R
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