Western Ghats Kokum Foundation - Organic Farming Association of ...

was observed on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 10 µm IBA. The rooted
plantlets were transferred to pots containing soil, vermiculite and FYM in 1:1:1 ratio. The
plantlets showed 90% of survival in the pots (Malik et al., 2005).
De novo shoot regeneration from root cultures via somatic embryo derived plantlets
was achieved by Deodhar et al. (2008). Roots of somatic embryo derived plantlets when
cultured for long time on half-strength MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.44–2.22
µM) showed production of de novo shoots. Maximum number of shoots was obtained on
medium supplemented with BAP (2.22 µM). Elongation of shoots was achieved on WPM
supplemented with BAP (4.44–22.69 µM), IAA (5.71 µM) and KN (4.65 µM). Rooting was
induced on WPM medium supplemented with NAA (2.69–10.74 µM) and IBA (4.90 µM)
within 20–25 days. Rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing garden soil and
farmyard manure (1:1) showed 90% survival under green-house conditions.
Regeneration of plantlets via adventitious bud differentiation from leaf explants
was reported (Malik et al., 2010). Leaves of in vitro grown seedlings were cultured on
Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with cytokinins (BAP, KN and TDZ) alone
and in combination with auxin (NAA) for direct shoot proliferation. Maximum number of
buds developed directly without callus development on upper leaf surface was 63.89%
explants on the medium supplemented with 1µM TDZ supplemented medium after 2–4
weeks of culture. The leaves were cultured on higher concentrations of TDZ (2.5 to 12.5 µM)
showed 5-6 times growth in size due to swelling followed by appearance of compact, green
callus on swollen leaf area and petiole bases. Incorporation of NAA with TDZ enhanced
callus formation. Elongation of the induced shoots was achieved on MS basal medium
containing 0.2% activated charcoal. Direct root induction was achieved in 52.77–83.33%
shoots on half-strength MS medium supplemented with IBA or NAA. Maximum rooting
(83.33%) was observed in shoots cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented
with 10 µM IBA. The rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing soil, vermiculite
and FYM (1:1:1). The acclimatization of plantlets was showed 90% survival with normal
growth (Malik et al., 2010).
A high frequency plant regeneration system was developed for the production of
high yielding elite clones of Garcinia indica via direct organogenesis (Plate 1) was
developed by Baskaran and Krishnan (2011). The seed segments were cultured on WPM
supplemented with BAP 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 microgram per litre (mg/l) or in
combinations with IAA (1.0 mg/l), NAA (1.0 mg/l) and IBA (1.0 mg/l). Seed segments
showed prominent swelling after one week of culture in WPM supplemented with various
plant growth regulators. Induction of multiple shoot primordia was noticed on all over the
surface of explants after 2–3 weeks of culture. After one month of culture the shoot
primordia differentiated into shoot buds. The frequency of shoot buds induction ranged
from 20 to 100% in the media supplemented with BAP alone. BAP in combination with
auxin was found to be effective for shoot bud induction. However, it took one week more for
the induction of shoot buds in comparison with BAP alone. Among, the BAP and auxin
combinations BAP (2 mg/l) with IAA (1 mg/l) produced highest number of shoots with the
frequency of 100% regeneration. BAP and NAA combination produced 20 - 40% callus
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Resource Book on Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy)
Western Ghats Kokum Foundation, Panaji - Goa