Western Ghats Kokum Foundation - Organic Farming Association of ...

along with shoot bud formation. BAP in combination with IBA was less effective in shoot
bud induction when compared to BAP + IAA and BAP + NAA. Induced shoot buds were
cultured on WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1% activated charcoal for better
shoot growth and elongation. Two weeks later, the elongated shoots of 3–5 cm were cut at
the basal region and placed on rooting media (Plate 1).
Rooting was achieved in all the combinations of IBA and NAA within a period of 2–3
weeks. IBA induced the highest frequency of rooting (100%) at 3 and 4 mg/l when
compared to NAA. However, highest number of roots was observed at 4 mg/l NAA after 15
days. Among the IBA and NAA concentrations, maximum length of the roots was recorded
in 3 mg/l IBA. Even though the number of roots produced by NAA was higher, the roots were
stunted, swollen, greenish white and did not support the acclimatization process as
compared to thick white roots produced by IBA. Shoots cultured on media without IBA and
NAA did not develop any roots. For hardening, the rooted plantlets were transferred to
culture tubes contained quarter-strength liquid WPM without sucrose for 10–12 days. The
plantlets with healthy roots that were transplanted into a mixture of equal volume of
garden soil and sand recorded 95% survival rate (Plate 1).
Establishment of multiple shoot from apical and intercalary buds of root sucker
explants was done by Tembe and Deodhar, 2011. Apical and intercalary buds were cultured
on WPM medium supplemented with various combinations of hormones such as BAP, Kin
and TDZ. The shoot initiation was noted only in WPM medium containing 13.2 µM BAP after
4 weeks of inoculation. All buds were grown well up to 8 weeks when it was sub-cultured in
the same medium. Best shoot multiplication was observed in WPM medium containing
4.40 µM BAP and 0.45 µM TDZ (few new shoot buds emerged from the meristematic end of
root sucker explants). Elongation was achieved in half-strength WPM+ 0.44 µM BAP and 0.5
gram per litre activated charcoal. Better root induction was observed in shoots subjected to
pulse treatment of 19.6 mM IBA for 30 seconds. About 75% rooted plants were survived in
coco-peat.
The above review describes the plant regeneration through somatic embryogensis
and direct shoot bud formation of Kokum. During the past 10 years, many researchers have
developed and standardized the efficient protocols for plant regeneration using leaf, root,
root-sucker, mature and immature seed segments as explants. Future studies may
concentrate on the development and standardization more efficient protocol for the
production high-yielding elite clones for farmer’s cultivation.
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Resource Book on Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy)
Western Ghats Kokum Foundation, Panaji - Goa