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Upscaling and Inverse Modeling of Groundwater Flow and Mass ...

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Submitted to Journal <strong>of</strong> Hydrology.<br />

5<br />

Jointly Mapping Hydraulic<br />

Conductivity <strong>and</strong> Porosity by<br />

Assimilating Concentration<br />

Data via Ensemble Kalman<br />

Filter<br />

Abstract<br />

Real-time data from on-line sensors <strong>of</strong>fer the possibility to update environmental<br />

simulation models in real-time. Information from on-line sensors concerning<br />

contaminant concentrations in groundwater allow for the real-time characterization<br />

<strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> a contaminant plume. In this paper it is proposed<br />

to use the CPU-efficient Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method, a data assimilation<br />

algorithm, for jointly updating the flow <strong>and</strong> transport parameters<br />

(hydraulic conductivity <strong>and</strong> porosity) <strong>and</strong> state variables (piezometric head<br />

<strong>and</strong> concentration) <strong>of</strong> a groundwater flow <strong>and</strong> contaminant transport problem.<br />

A synthetic experiment is used to demonstrate the capability <strong>of</strong> the EnKF to<br />

estimate hydraulic conductivity <strong>and</strong> porosity by assimilating dynamic head<br />

<strong>and</strong> multiple concentration data in a transient flow <strong>and</strong> transport model. In<br />

this work the worth <strong>of</strong> hydraulic conductivity, porosity, piezometric head, <strong>and</strong><br />

105

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