estudio y caracterización de un plasma de microondas a presión ...

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COMPONENT DESCRIPTION Microwave generator MW-GIRE3328-3K0-006 (MUEGGE) at 2.45 GHz Microwave launcher TIA (Montreal University) Reactor Spanish patent [24] C2HCl3 and CCl4 source Panreac (99%) AGILENT 4890D Gas chromatograph Column: HP-5, 15 m, 0.53 mm i.d, 1.5 µm film thickness Injection method: 6-way valve Detectors: FID and ECD GC/MS Monochromator Flow controller THERMO FINNIGAN TRACE DSQ Column: DB-1, 60 m, 0.32 mm i.d., 5 µm film thickness Injection method: 6-way valve Detector: Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer THR-1000 (Jovin-Yvon) Grating: 1200 grooves mm –1 Computer-controlled Spectralink system Mass flow controllers: FC280 Control system: Dynamass (Tylan General) Table 5.1: Instrumental components of the VOC destruction device. 5.2.2. Sample insertion Capítulo 5 In this study, 99.99% pure liquid trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride were used as representative halogenated VOCs. Similar to other studies, the contaminants were introduced into the plasma as a vapour by bubbling air through the VOCs [25]. Thus, the output gas from the bubbler was saturated with C2HCl3 or CCl4, which provided high concentrations of the contaminant in the gas. Saturated gas was mixed with pure gas to control the concentration introduced into the plasma. 5.2.3. Analytical techniques Gaseous byproducts and species present in the plasma were monitored with an Agilent GC4890D gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD) or a flame ionisation detector (FID). Compounds were separated on an HP-5 capillary column (15 m, 0.53 mm i.d., 1.5 µm film thickness) packed with a stationary phase containing 5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane. Mass spectrometric (MS) analyses were performed on a Thermo Finnigan TraceGC gas chromatograph furnished with a split-splitless injector and a DB-1 fused silica capillary column (60 m, 0.32 mm i.d., 5 µm film thickness). The chromatograph 125
Destrucción de VOCs con plasma de Aire was coupled to a Thermo Finnigan TraceDSQ mass spectrometer equipped with a 70 eV electron impact (EI) ionisation source and a quadrupole mass filter. 126 Gas samples were injected into the aforementioned gas chromatographs via two VALCO 6-way valves furnished with a 250 µL loop that was filled with gas from the reactor and inserted into a chromatographic column via the split-splitless injector. Gas samples were collected at various points inside the reactor and transferred to the input loops of the chromatographs at a constant flow rate of 25 mL/min with a SKC suction pump. This injection method substantially reduced the number of systematic errors associated with liquid injections and enhanced reproducibility. Spectroscopic analyses of the species present in the plasma during the destruction of VOCs allowed the byproducts to be detected and new pathways for the loss of chlorine and carbon to be identified. A Jobin-Yvon THR1000 monochromator with a diffraction grating of 1200 grooves per millimetre was employed, and the output of the monochromator was connected to a LAVISION iCCD Flamestar2 intensified camera. 5.3. Results 5.3.1. Destruction of trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride The trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride destruction process in the air plasma was studied as a function of the applied microwave power, gas flow rate, inner diameter of the coupler tip and VOC concentration. 5.3.1.1. Effect of applied microwave power The principal mechanism for the decomposition of residual molecules in non- thermal plasmas is electron collision. The efficiency of electron collisions increase as the amount of energy released to the electrons in the plasma increases. As a result, the electronic density and temperature of the plasma have a direct impact on the efficiency of destruction [26, 27]. Therefore, increasing the applied power increases the electron density and temperature of the plasma, which improves the efficiency of destruction.
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UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA FACULTAD DE
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ESTUDIO Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UN PL
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Este trabajo ha sido realizado en e
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Dedicado a Rocío, Darío y Noah Un
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Índice DESTRUCCIÓN DE VOCS CON PL
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Índice iv 4.4. Ejemplo: Antorcha d
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ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura I.1: Esqu
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Índice Figure 3.11: Variation of t
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Índice Figure 6.5: Radial and axia
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ESTRUCTURA Y OBJETIVOS El presente
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I.1. Compuestos orgánicos volátil
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Introducción droguerías. En el si
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Introducción agua subterránea. Es
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I.2.1. Técnicas de recuperación d
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Introducción concentraciones relat
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Introducción cuando el gas sale de
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Introducción los gases a algún va
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Introducción incineradores catalí
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Introducción En la figura I.3 se m
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Introducción plasma, y por tanto r
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I.3.1. Descargas corona pulsadas In
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Introducción En este caso, la mues
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Introducción por tanto, las dimens
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Introducción refiere. De hecho la
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Introducción [26] Hsiao MC, Merrit
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CAPÍTULO 1 REMOVAL OF VOLATILE ORG
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1.2. Experimental set-up Capítulo
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Capítulo 1 The destruction percent
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Capítulo 1 Our data also support t
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% DRE % DRE 100,0000 100,0000 99,99
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Capítulo 1 Energy efficiencies of
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CAPÍTULO 2 APPLICATION OF A MICROW
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Capítulo 2 at atmospheric pressure
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2.2.1. Microwave generator and coup
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2.3. Results 2.3.1. Destruction of
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Capítulo 2 mm. The curves are simi
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Capítulo 2 In obtaining high energ
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Capítulo 2 Figure 2.6b shows the v
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Capítulo 2 revealed the presence o
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Capítulo 2 destruction step but un
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Capítulo 2 concentrations in the p
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[23] B.M. Penetrante, et al.: Plasm
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CAPÍTULO 3 ASSESSMENT OF A NEW CAR
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Capítulo 3 enhanced destruction an
Page 102 and 103: 3.2.1. Microwave generator and its
Page 104 and 105: 3.2.2. Sample insertion Capítulo 3
Page 106 and 107: Capítulo 3 concentration was a res
Page 108 and 109: Capítulo 3 Figure 3.4: Variation o
Page 110 and 111: Capítulo 3 different microwave pow
Page 112 and 113: Concentration CO 2 (ppm) 10000 1000
Page 114 and 115: Capítulo 3 CuCl2·2H2O on glass su
Page 116 and 117: Capítulo 3 Figure 3.10 shows some
Page 118 and 119: 3.4. Conclusions Capítulo 3 The pr
Page 120: Capítulo 3 [14] A. Rodero, M.C. Qu
Page 123 and 124: Destrucción de VOCs con plasma de
Page 148 and 149: CAPÍTULO 5 APPLICATION OF MICROWAV
Page 150 and 151: Capítulo 5 99% were achieved. Usin
Page 154 and 155: Concentration (ppb) 300 250 200 150
Page 156 and 157: TCC Concentration (ppb) 1100 1000 9
Page 158 and 159: Capítulo 5 5.4 and 5.5 are virtual
Page 160 and 161: Capítulo 5 indicated that the syst
Page 162 and 163: Capítulo 5 was nearly 100%. The de
Page 164 and 165: Capítulo 5 GC/MS analyses revealed
Page 166 and 167: Figure 5.12: CN rotational bands ob
Page 168 and 169: 5.5. References [1] R.E. Doherty: J
Page 170: DISTRIBUCIÓN DE TEMPERATURAS Y ESP
Page 173 and 174: Distribución de temperaturas y esp
Page 194 and 195: CAPÍTULO 7 AXIAL DISTRIBUTION OF T
Page 196 and 197: Capítulo 7 of C2HCl3 achieve destr
Page 198 and 199: 7.3. Results Capítulo 7 To study t
Page 200: 7.4. References [1] N.J. Park Ridge
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Distribución de temperaturas y esp
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Axial position (mm) Axial Position
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CONCLUSIONES GENERALES • Ha sido
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Conclusiones Generales punta del ac
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ANEXO Producción científica fruto
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Producción científica fruto de es
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