estudio y caracterización de un plasma de microondas a presión ...

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1.2. Experimental set-up Capítulo 1 The plasma was produced by an axial injection torch (Torche à Injection Axiale or TIA). This device provides a free expanding microwave plasma that is comparatively stiff to impedance changes -caused by the introduction of samples- than other microwave plasmas [5]. This is an advantageous feature for the destruction of volatile organic compounds. The VOCs to be destroyed were introduced into the plasma by pre-mixing them with the carrier gas, helium, using a gas mixer. In order to isolate and analyse the gases after the plasma destruction, a reaction chamber was designed and placed after the wave-guide [6]. Gas samples can be extracted from the chamber in order to be analysed by gas chromatography. The three main parameters and their respective ranges of variation used in this work are: the total flow (helium + TCE vapour) from 0.5 to 2.5 L/min, the TCE concentration in the gas from 100 to 60000 ppm, and the microwave power from 300 and 1000 W. Figure 1.1: Experimental set-up. The highest concentrations of TCE were obtained by passing a controlled helium flow rate through a bubbler containing the volatile organic compound in order to carry VOC vapour with it. These concentrations were calibrated with the gas chromatograph. 37
Destrucción de VOCs con plasma de Helio 38 After the plasma treatment, the gas mixture is passed through a CaCO3 fluidised bed that absorbs the remaining VOCs and their discharge products [7]. Finally, the resulting gas is exhausted into a fume hood. A schematic diagram of the experimental set-up is presented in Fig. 1.1. Different diameters of the tip of the torch were used in order to increase the energy efficiency. A higher cross-section results in our ability to destroy a larger quantity of VOC per unit time. 1.3. Trichloroethylene analysis Quantitative analysis of TCE was performed using an Agilent4890D gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD) and a flame ionisation detector (FID). A calibration curve was generated in order to characterise the responses of these detectors to the analyte concentration. This calibration curve was carefully chosen to cover the wide range of concentration of the injected samples. The trichloroethylene mass density was measured before and after entering the plasma in order to compute the corresponding destruction and removal efficiency percentage (%DRE) using its standard definition [8]: (1) where W represents the weight of TCE in the reactor chamber and the in and out subscripts denote the quantity before and after being processed. 1.4. Results and discussion The destruction of trichloroethylene depends on the plasma parameters, such as the electron density and the gas temperature. It is also very important to take into account the residence time of the TCE in the plasma, which is computed as a function of the plasma volume. This volume and the plasma parameters depend on the plasma conditions, i.e. the injected microwave power and the gas flow rate.
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UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA FACULTAD DE
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ESTUDIO Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UN PL
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Este trabajo ha sido realizado en e
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Dedicado a Rocío, Darío y Noah Un
Page 15 and 16: Índice DESTRUCCIÓN DE VOCS CON PL
Page 17 and 18: Índice iv 4.4. Ejemplo: Antorcha d
Page 20 and 21: ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura I.1: Esqu
Page 22 and 23: Índice Figure 3.11: Variation of t
Page 24: Índice Figure 6.5: Radial and axia
Page 28 and 29: ESTRUCTURA Y OBJETIVOS El presente
Page 30 and 31: I.1. Compuestos orgánicos volátil
Page 32 and 33: Introducción droguerías. En el si
Page 34 and 35: Introducción agua subterránea. Es
Page 36 and 37: I.2.1. Técnicas de recuperación d
Page 38 and 39: Introducción concentraciones relat
Page 40 and 41: Introducción cuando el gas sale de
Page 42 and 43: Introducción los gases a algún va
Page 44 and 45: Introducción incineradores catalí
Page 46 and 47: Introducción En la figura I.3 se m
Page 48 and 49: Introducción plasma, y por tanto r
Page 50 and 51: I.3.1. Descargas corona pulsadas In
Page 52 and 53: Introducción En este caso, la mues
Page 54 and 55: Introducción por tanto, las dimens
Page 56 and 57: Introducción refiere. De hecho la
Page 58: Introducción [26] Hsiao MC, Merrit
Page 62 and 63: CAPÍTULO 1 REMOVAL OF VOLATILE ORG
Page 66 and 67: Capítulo 1 The destruction percent
Page 68 and 69: Capítulo 1 Our data also support t
Page 70 and 71: % DRE % DRE 100,0000 100,0000 99,99
Page 72 and 73: Capítulo 1 Energy efficiencies of
Page 74 and 75: CAPÍTULO 2 APPLICATION OF A MICROW
Page 76 and 77: Capítulo 2 at atmospheric pressure
Page 78 and 79: 2.2.1. Microwave generator and coup
Page 80 and 81: 2.3. Results 2.3.1. Destruction of
Page 82 and 83: Capítulo 2 mm. The curves are simi
Page 84 and 85: Capítulo 2 In obtaining high energ
Page 86 and 87: Capítulo 2 Figure 2.6b shows the v
Page 88 and 89: Capítulo 2 revealed the presence o
Page 90 and 91: Capítulo 2 destruction step but un
Page 92 and 93: Capítulo 2 concentrations in the p
Page 94: [23] B.M. Penetrante, et al.: Plasm
Page 98 and 99: CAPÍTULO 3 ASSESSMENT OF A NEW CAR
Page 100 and 101: Capítulo 3 enhanced destruction an
Page 102 and 103: 3.2.1. Microwave generator and its
Page 104 and 105: 3.2.2. Sample insertion Capítulo 3
Page 106 and 107: Capítulo 3 concentration was a res
Page 108 and 109: Capítulo 3 Figure 3.4: Variation o
Page 110 and 111: Capítulo 3 different microwave pow
Page 112 and 113: Concentration CO 2 (ppm) 10000 1000
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Capítulo 3 CuCl2·2H2O on glass su
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Capítulo 3 Figure 3.10 shows some
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3.4. Conclusions Capítulo 3 The pr
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Capítulo 3 [14] A. Rodero, M.C. Qu
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Destrucción de VOCs con plasma de
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CAPÍTULO 5 APPLICATION OF MICROWAV
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Capítulo 5 99% were achieved. Usin
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COMPONENT DESCRIPTION Microwave gen
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Concentration (ppb) 300 250 200 150
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TCC Concentration (ppb) 1100 1000 9
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Capítulo 5 5.4 and 5.5 are virtual
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Capítulo 5 indicated that the syst
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Capítulo 5 was nearly 100%. The de
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Capítulo 5 GC/MS analyses revealed
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Figure 5.12: CN rotational bands ob
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5.5. References [1] R.E. Doherty: J
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DISTRIBUCIÓN DE TEMPERATURAS Y ESP
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Distribución de temperaturas y esp
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CAPÍTULO 7 AXIAL DISTRIBUTION OF T
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Capítulo 7 of C2HCl3 achieve destr
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7.3. Results Capítulo 7 To study t
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7.4. References [1] N.J. Park Ridge
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Axial position (mm) Axial Position
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CONCLUSIONES GENERALES • Ha sido
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Conclusiones Generales punta del ac
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ANEXO Producción científica fruto
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Producción científica fruto de es
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