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CAPÍTULO 7 AXIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURES AND SPECIES IN THE AXIAL INJECTION TORCH DURING THE TRICHLOROETHYLENE DESTRUCTION S.J. Rubio, A. Rodero, M.C. Quintero and R. Álvarez Abstract: The Axial Injection Torch is a non-thermal open-air plasma that has shown a very good result for the destruction of hazardous compounds. In this work, the axial distribution of species present in this plasma and the values of vibrational, rotational and excitation temperatures have been calculated by spectroscopic methods during the trichloroethylene destruction. The results have been compared with the destruction and removal efficiency percentage obtained in this torch at the same experimental conditions. Microwave Discharges: Fundamentals and Applications, ISBN 5-8037-0343-5 (2006) 145 167
Distribución de temperaturas y especies 7.1. Introduction 168 Nowadays there is growing environmental awareness which makes it increasingly unacceptable for industrial processes to be sources of pollution. This problem is expressed in a number of ways, such as through public opinion, and results in legislation and changing practices in companies and other organizations. Regulatory requirements mandate a very high destruction and removal efficiency (greater than 99.9%). For the past ten years, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasmas have been studied as an optimal method in the area of pollution abatement. These non-thermal plasmas (or more correctly non-equilibrium plasmas) are characterized by the electrons in the plasma having a higher mean energy than the ions or atoms and molecules, and this higher energy of the electrons can produce sufficient active chemical radicals which lead to the destruction of gaseous pollutes. It is necessary identify and quantify the species produced in the plasma process. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) offers a simple, in situ diagnostic of heavy species in reactive plasmas. Emission intensities alone provide limited insight into fundamental plasma parameters. Because the emission intensity depends strongly upon both excitation and nonradiative deexcitation rates as well as radiative decay rates, it usually does not provide direct information on ground state species concentrations. Since electronically excited atoms and molecules are responsible for optical emission from the plasma, the emission intensity is proportional to the populations of these electronically excited levels. The fraction of the ground state species which become electronically excited into the emitting level is determined by the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) of the plasma. That is out of the scope of this study. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), toluene (C6H5CH3), o-xylene [C6H4(CH3)2], and trichloroethylene (C2HCl3), are typical emission gases from the semiconductor and paint industries. Specifically, trichloroethylene has shown evidence of being a carcinogen in animals and is suspected of being a human carcinogen and teratogenic agent [1]. In this work the species produced in the process of destruction of C2HCl3 has been studied by spectroscopic techniques. The system has been used for the destruction
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UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA FACULTAD DE
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ESTUDIO Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UN PL
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Este trabajo ha sido realizado en e
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Dedicado a Rocío, Darío y Noah Un
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Índice DESTRUCCIÓN DE VOCS CON PL
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Índice iv 4.4. Ejemplo: Antorcha d
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ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura I.1: Esqu
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Índice Figure 3.11: Variation of t
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Índice Figure 6.5: Radial and axia
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ESTRUCTURA Y OBJETIVOS El presente
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I.1. Compuestos orgánicos volátil
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Introducción droguerías. En el si
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Introducción agua subterránea. Es
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I.2.1. Técnicas de recuperación d
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Introducción concentraciones relat
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Introducción cuando el gas sale de
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Introducción los gases a algún va
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Introducción incineradores catalí
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Introducción En la figura I.3 se m
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Introducción plasma, y por tanto r
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I.3.1. Descargas corona pulsadas In
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Introducción En este caso, la mues
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Introducción por tanto, las dimens
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Introducción refiere. De hecho la
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Introducción [26] Hsiao MC, Merrit
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CAPÍTULO 1 REMOVAL OF VOLATILE ORG
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1.2. Experimental set-up Capítulo
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Capítulo 1 The destruction percent
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Capítulo 1 Our data also support t
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% DRE % DRE 100,0000 100,0000 99,99
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Capítulo 1 Energy efficiencies of
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CAPÍTULO 2 APPLICATION OF A MICROW
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Capítulo 2 at atmospheric pressure
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2.2.1. Microwave generator and coup
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2.3. Results 2.3.1. Destruction of
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Capítulo 2 mm. The curves are simi
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Capítulo 2 In obtaining high energ
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Capítulo 2 Figure 2.6b shows the v
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Capítulo 2 revealed the presence o
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Capítulo 2 destruction step but un
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Capítulo 2 concentrations in the p
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[23] B.M. Penetrante, et al.: Plasm
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CAPÍTULO 3 ASSESSMENT OF A NEW CAR
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Capítulo 3 enhanced destruction an
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3.2.1. Microwave generator and its
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3.2.2. Sample insertion Capítulo 3
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Capítulo 3 concentration was a res
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Capítulo 3 Figure 3.4: Variation o
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Capítulo 3 different microwave pow
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Concentration CO 2 (ppm) 10000 1000
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Capítulo 3 CuCl2·2H2O on glass su
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Capítulo 3 Figure 3.10 shows some
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3.4. Conclusions Capítulo 3 The pr
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Capítulo 3 [14] A. Rodero, M.C. Qu
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Destrucción de VOCs con plasma de
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Page 143 and 144: Destrucción de VOCs con plasma de
Page 145 and 146: Destrucción de VOCs con plasma de
Page 148 and 149: CAPÍTULO 5 APPLICATION OF MICROWAV
Page 150 and 151: Capítulo 5 99% were achieved. Usin
Page 152 and 153: COMPONENT DESCRIPTION Microwave gen
Page 154 and 155: Concentration (ppb) 300 250 200 150
Page 156 and 157: TCC Concentration (ppb) 1100 1000 9
Page 158 and 159: Capítulo 5 5.4 and 5.5 are virtual
Page 160 and 161: Capítulo 5 indicated that the syst
Page 162 and 163: Capítulo 5 was nearly 100%. The de
Page 164 and 165: Capítulo 5 GC/MS analyses revealed
Page 166 and 167: Figure 5.12: CN rotational bands ob
Page 168 and 169: 5.5. References [1] R.E. Doherty: J
Page 170: DISTRIBUCIÓN DE TEMPERATURAS Y ESP
Page 173 and 174: Distribución de temperaturas y esp
Page 196 and 197: Capítulo 7 of C2HCl3 achieve destr
Page 198 and 199: 7.3. Results Capítulo 7 To study t
Page 200: 7.4. References [1] N.J. Park Ridge
Page 205 and 206: Axial position (mm) Axial Position
Page 208 and 209: CONCLUSIONES GENERALES • Ha sido
Page 210 and 211: Conclusiones Generales punta del ac
Page 212 and 213: ANEXO Producción científica fruto
Page 214 and 215: Producción científica fruto de es
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