Crisis petrolera e imperialismo - Repositorio UASB-Digital

52 Juan Pablo Cadena
los EUA, pone a este país en un dilema de seguridad energética. Como lo
explica Michael T. Klare:
Only the Middle East and other regions that have long suffered from instability
and civil unrest have sufficient untapped reserves to satisfy [the U.S.’s]
(and the world’s) rising petroleum demand in the years ahead. Like it or not,
for as long as we continue to rely on petroleum as a major source of energy,
our security and our economic well-being will be tied to social and political
developments in these unpredictable and often unfriendly producers. […] Our
biggest problem, of course is our growing reliance on the oil kingdoms of the
Persian Gulf. No matter how hard the United States tries to diversify its energy
imports by turning to producers in other regions, it will still need to acquire
more and more oil from the Gulf, the only region whose reserves are large
enough to satisfy the rising U.S. and international demand. 16
Cuadro 2.4. IMPORTACIONES DE PETRÓLEO DE LOS EUA
POR PAÍS DE ORIGEN (miles de barriles anuales)
País 2000 2000 2005 2005
Total mundial 4’194.086 % 5’005.541 %
Golfo Pérsico 910.598 21,71 851.855 17,02
OPEP 1’904.188 45,40 2’039.288 40,74
Algeria 82.345 1,96 174.652 3,49
Angola 110.321 2,63 172.609 3,45
Irak 226.804 5,41 193.987 3,88
Kuwait 99.514 2,37 88.729 1,77
Nigeria 328.079 7,82 425.440 8,50
Arabia Saudita 575.274 13,72 560.823 11,20
Venezuela 565.865 13,49 558.157 11,15
No OPEP 2’289.898 54,60 2’966.253 59,26
Azerbaiján 0 0,00 563 0,01
Brasil 1.884 0,04 56.881 1,14
Canadá 661.351 15,77 796.219 15,91
Colombia 125.049 2,98 71.532 1,43
Kazajstán 29 0,00 7.583 0,15
México 502.509 11,98 606.751 12,12
Noruega 125.719 3,00 85.197 1,70
Rusia 26.382 0,63 149.681 2,99
Reino Unido 133.799 3,19 144.674 2,89
Islas Vírgenes (U.S.) 106.681 2,54 119.544 2,39
Fuente: DoE, Energy Information Administration, U.S. Oil Imports by Country of Origin.
16. M. T. Klare, Blood and Oil…, p. 20.