RET_2015-01-02-03-04_Flipbook

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Flexibility and demand: a distribution systems operator’s perspective - Joost Gottmer, EU affairs, EDSO for Smart Grids Samenvatting Het groeiende aandeel van decentrale energieproductie zorgt er samen met nieuwe verbruikspatronen en veranderend gedrag van de verbruikers voor dat DNB’s meer actieve netten beheren en duurzame innovatie bevorderen. Daardoor krijgen DNB’s te maken met veel uitdagingen omdat de meeste decentrale energieproductie op distributieniveau zal worden geïntegreerd. Bij de klassieke manier (‘fit-and-forget’) worden distributienetten overgedimensioneerd om congestie bij een hoge belasting of veel productie van hernieuwbare stroom te vermijden. Dit vereist aanzienlijke investeringen. Er kan ook een beroep worden gedaan op flexibiliteitsdiensten om DNB’s te helpen om hun netten beter te beheren en kosten te vermijden door naar een ‘connect-and-manage-aanpak’ te gaan. Om het meeste uit die aanpak te halen, moeten DNB’s echter flexibiliteitsdiensten in alle periodes mogen leveren en hun kosten op de juiste manier kunnen recupereren. Meer flexibiliteit op de elektriciteitsmarkt zou leiden tot meer voordelen voor verbruikers en de maatschappij in het algemeen. Revue E Tijdschrift – 131 ste jaargang/131 e année – n° 1-2-3-4-2015 (publication mars/publicatie maart 2017) 2
Flexibility and demand: a distribution systems operator’s perspective - Joost Gottmer, EU affairs, EDSO for Smart Grids INTRODUCTION The expansion of decentralised and variable renewable generation, together with new consumption patterns is prompting Europe’s electricity grids to take an active role in managing their systems. They will also need to do so in a cost-effective way that will help them to minimise or postpone grid reinforcements. The use of flexibility will be one of the solutions available. As electricity could not be stored on a large-scale and cost-efficient basis, the electricity industry has been expected to invest in increased generation, transmission and distribution capacity to making sure that generation meets demand at all times. Our existing electricity infrastructure has thus been designed to transport power almost exclusively supplied by large, centralised generation plants through high-voltage lines and down to low-voltage cables in a fairly predictable way. Distributed energy resources (DERs) challenge the conventional way. The most common forms of renewable energy sources (RES) i.e. solar or wind are variable: they generate electricity only when the wind blows or the sun shines. Variable RES are likely to cause system imbalances or deviations from voltage and thermal line limits. In areas with low demand, where RES generation may easily exceed consumption, distribution systems may have to be reinforced and extended to transport the excess to other places as they reach their technical limits more quickly. Alongside a generational shift in our electricity supply, demand is also likely to change as new parts of our economy start to electrify i.e. heat and transport. Although in terms of total energy demand (kWh) the development of electro-mobility may not be very high, it can have a measurable impact on capacity (kW). Depending on their charging time and location, electric vehicles could create potentially extreme local demand. In the Netherlands, the market is currently at over 94.000 electric vehicles 1 purchased, but the next decade will see a lot of new cars with battery capacities of over 60 kWh 2 and ranges of over 300 km. As most of distributed energy resources will be connected to distribution grids of lowvoltage and medium-voltage levels, this has profound implications for the DSOs. Distribution grids have not been designed for taking up large amounts of electricity, but rather for distributing it to final customers. DSO grids need to be ready for the change where loads follow variable generation, instead of having generation following loads as is the situation today. In the traditional way, DSOs would have to cope with the variable energy flows and surges in demand by either reinforcing or extending their grids capacity and assets. Nevertheless, conventional grid expansion may not always be the most cost-efficient. A better alternative is to heighten the use of flexibility in power grids. This solution is also 1 BEVs (battery electric vehicles) 11,121; PHEVs (plug-in hybrids) 82,886. Source: Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland 2 Today’s average battery capacity for electric vehicles is about 24 kWh. Revue E Tijdschrift – 131 ste jaargang/131 e année – n° 1-2-3-4-2015 (publication mars/publicatie maart 2017) 3
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ISSN 07700024 DRIEMAANDELIJKS - TRI
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Intitulé de l’article - Nom de l
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LA FLEXIBILITE DE LA DEMANDE: COMME
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MOYENS A METTRE EN ŒUVRE POUR FACI
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Moyens à mettre en œuvre pour fac
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Page 19 and 20: De rol van flexibiliteit in onze en
Page 41 and 42: The Roles of Engie with regard to t
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Page 45 and 46: Vers un nouvel équilibre énergét
Page 51 and 52: FLEXIBILITÉ DE LA DEMANDE Annabell
Page 53 and 54: Flexibilité de la demande - Annabe
Page 61: FLEXIBILITY AND DEMAND: A DISTRIBUT
Page 65 and 66: Flexibility and demand: a distribut
Page 71 and 72: DEMAND RESPONSE Use and limits in a
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Page 79 and 80: Demand Response: which place in the
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Page 83 and 84: Evolutie van vraagbeheer in de Elia
Page 97 and 98: The solution for electrical systems
Page 105 and 106: Calcul du champ électrique induit
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Calcul du champ électrique induit
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Grid voltage control with wind turb
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ONTWERP VAN EEN ROBUUSTE DATALOGGER
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Ontwerp van een robuuste datalogger
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