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Flexibility and demand: a distribution systems operator’s perspective - Joost Gottmer, EU affairs, EDSO for Smart Grids 3 WHICH ACTORS NEED FLEXIBILITY ACTIVITIES? Generally, flexibility is needed by the market and by the system operators for three reasons: Market players (like the BRP) for portfolio optimisation processes; TSO for balancing processes (TSO only buyer). TSOs purchase system services from market parties (aggregators, generators) – (can buy up (generation) or down (demand response); DSO for congestion management and voltage control processes (DSO only buyer). DSO is like the TSO a single buying counterpart (can buy up (generation) or down (demand response). DSOs must ensure that quality of service and security of supply is maintained at all times. Therefore, flexibility services for network operators will help them to keep the lights on when the grid is pushed to its limits. This is different than for market players that refer to activities performed with commercial interests in mind, and competing actions for offering the best service to customers. 4 WHAT SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY SERVICES MAY BE PROCURED BY DSOS? DSOs could use flexibility services for a range of DSO activities including planning, connection, access and operation. Three characteristics of grid users providing flexibility are key for distribution networks: location, firmness and power. The lower in voltage the electricity infrastructure is, the lower the possibilities in terms of providers and location of flexibility. This considered, the chosen mechanism should be the most cost-efficient from a system point of view. DSOs should be able to make the most of system flexibility services such as: • Congestion management: This will be needed to maximise the existing capacity in distribution grids for DERs, while ensuring a high level of security and quality of supply. Flexibility from DERs and consumers would help to optimise networks in the most cost-efficient way and to solve local grid constraints. DSOs could postpone network reinforcement until it becomes more cost-effective than procuring services from DERs. • Voltage control: European draft network codes forbid or limit the ability of DSOs to export reactive power to transmission grids. Injections of active power due to DERs is likely to provoke deviations from voltage limits, causing system imbalances. But, if used in a smart way with monitoring and coordination tools, distributed generation could help to control voltage and manage network losses. The table below proposes a list of system flexibility services that could be procured by DSOs or TSOs. This classification is not exhaustive: the list could vary from one country to another depending on regulatory arrangements, network operator needs and the Revue E Tijdschrift – 131 ste jaargang/131 e année – n° 1-2-3-4-2015 (publication mars/publicatie maart 2017) 6
Flexibility and demand: a distribution systems operator’s perspective - Joost Gottmer, EU affairs, EDSO for Smart Grids number of system flexibility service providers available. Potentially, a service could become a requirement set in grid codes in one Member State, and become a service sold on a market in another country, depending on the needs resulting from different levels of RES and grid design. Table 2: Short-term system flexibility services procured by DSOs and TSOs Table 3: Long-term system flexibility services procured by DSOs 5 HOW COULD CUSTOMERS PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY SERVICES TO NETWORK OPERATORS? Customers have a potential to participate in flexibility services by either modifying their intake of electricity or changing their consumption patterns. For small industrial and commercial users, flexibility can mean delaying the use of electricity-intensive machinery or electric appliances (air-conditioning, electric vehicles) away from peak demand and at times of cheaper electricity prices. Such customers Revue E Tijdschrift – 131 ste jaargang/131 e année – n° 1-2-3-4-2015 (publication mars/publicatie maart 2017) 7
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ISSN 07700024 DRIEMAANDELIJKS - TRI
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LA FLEXIBILITE DE LA DEMANDE: COMME
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MOYENS A METTRE EN ŒUVRE POUR FACI
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Calcul du champ électrique induit
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Calcul du champ électrique induit
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Grid voltage control with wind turb
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ONTWERP VAN EEN ROBUUSTE DATALOGGER
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Ontwerp van een robuuste datalogger
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