genderi – socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi – socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
genderi – socialuri da politikuri swavlebani - Center for Social ...
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literaturaSi vxvdebiT maswavleblebs, mkurnalebs <strong>da</strong> sxva profesiis qalebs,<br />
romlebic iseve, rogorc mocekvaveebi, momRerlebi, heterebi, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
irCendnen Tavs, <strong>da</strong>moukidebel cxovrebas eweodnen <strong>da</strong> gaTxovebas TavianT profesias<br />
amjobinebdnen. budizmiT gatacebuli bevri qali warCinebul ojaxebs toveb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
brahmanizmis reaqcia ki qalis uflebebis ufro mkacri reglamentacia gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, rac<br />
mamakacisadmi Semdgom <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebas niSnav<strong>da</strong>.<br />
am periodSi brahmanebma veduri sulieri memkvidreobis codnisa <strong>da</strong> religiuri<br />
teqstebis Seswavlis monopolizeba moaxdines. sxva varnebis (qSatriebis <strong>da</strong> vaiSebis) .<br />
<strong>da</strong>Sveba mniSvnelovnad SezRudes. Cv. w. aR.-is meore saukuneSi aRniSnuli ufleba<br />
waerTvaT samive umaRlesi varnis warmomadgenel qalebs.<br />
qalebis diskriminirebuli mdgomareoba kidev ufro <strong>da</strong>mZimi<strong>da</strong>, rodesac gogonebi<br />
amoiRes "upanaianas" (xelT<strong>da</strong>sxma) religiuri rituli<strong>da</strong>n. aRniSnuli rituali sami<br />
umaRlesi varnis warmomadgenel bavSvebs oficialurad orjer <strong>da</strong>badebulTa ricxvs<br />
miakuTvneb<strong>da</strong>, rac maT winaprebis sulieri memkvidreobis ziarebis, wmin<strong>da</strong> teqstebis<br />
wakiTxvis, ganaTlebis miRebisa <strong>da</strong> garkveul msxverplSewirvaSi monawileobis miRebis<br />
saSualebas aZlev<strong>da</strong>. am ritalis gauqmebis Semdeg qalebi TavianTi mdgomarebiT<br />
Sudrebs gautoldnen.<br />
qalebis orjer <strong>da</strong>badebis xelT<strong>da</strong>sxmisaTvis saqorwilo rituali gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n upanaianis rituali Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad mowafis <strong>da</strong>badebis aqtad aRiqmebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
misi saqorwilo ritualiT Secvla qmars colisaTvis umaRles RvTaebad, mis<br />
aRmzrdelad <strong>da</strong> batonad akanoneb<strong>da</strong>. Sesabamisad sapatarZlos asakic Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan<br />
mcirdebo<strong>da</strong>. mTavar moTxovnad <strong>da</strong>rCa xelT<strong>da</strong>sxmis ritualis Catareba manamde, sanam<br />
gogonas menstrualuri cikli <strong>da</strong>ewyebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
adreul asakSi gaTxovebis ideas <strong>socialuri</strong> sanqciiTac <strong>da</strong>uWires mxari. brahmani,<br />
romelic aTi wlis asakze ufros cols moiyvan<strong>da</strong>, Sudras qmrad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
moklebuli iyo yovelgvar privilegiebs. es ki socialur boikots <strong>da</strong> kasti<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gandevnas niSnav<strong>da</strong>. amave beds iziareb<strong>da</strong> qaliSvilis mamac, romelic ver<br />
uzrunvelyof<strong>da</strong> aRniSnul asakamde siZis monaxvas.<br />
qalis mdgomareobaze sazogadoebasa <strong>da</strong> ojaxSi manus kanonebSi sakmaod<br />
kategoriulad aris naTqvami: "arc qaliSvilma, arc axalgazr<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> arc xanSiSesulma<br />
qalma <strong>da</strong>moukideblad araferi ar un<strong>da</strong> gaakeTos TviT sakuTar saxlSic ki. bavSvobaSi<br />
igi mamas un<strong>da</strong> emorCilebodes, mowifulobaSi <strong>–</strong> qmars, qmris sikvdilis Semdeg <strong>–</strong><br />
vaJiSvilebs". an kidev "dRe <strong>da</strong> Rame qali Tavis mamakacebze un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.<br />
bavSvobaSi mas mama icavs, mowifulobaSi <strong>–</strong> qmari, moxucebulobaSi vaJiSvilebi. qali<br />
arasodes varga <strong>da</strong>moukideblobisaTvis". (Законы Ману, 1960)<br />
tradiciuli warmodgenebis mixedviT, qals ara Tu ar Seswevs unari sakuTari<br />
Tavi <strong>da</strong>icvas, aramed igi yvela maCvenebliT mamakacze ufro <strong>da</strong>bla dgas. mas an<br />
saerTod ara aqvs azrovnebis unari an Zalian umniSvnelod. misi SesaZleblobebi,<br />
Zala, Rirseba Zalian SezRudulia <strong>da</strong> amitom igi mxolod imisaTvis varga, rom<br />
mamakacs emsaxuros <strong>da</strong> saxlis saqme akeTos. TviT saxlis saqmeebic ki Semoifargleba<br />
mxolod reproduqciiT, bavSvebze zrunviT, moxucebis movliT <strong>da</strong> ojaxis wevrebis<br />
momsaxurebiT. Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mniSvnelovani funqciebi <strong>–</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miReba,<br />
qonebis floba <strong>da</strong> gankargva <strong>–</strong> mamakacis funqciaa.<br />
"am samyaroSi qalebis buneba mamakacebisaTvis zianis momtania, amitomac brZenni<br />
maT sifrTxiliT ekidebian". "manus kanonebSi" naTqvamia, rom qalebi nebismier mamakacs<br />
eZlevian, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad misi asakisa. TavianTi vnebis <strong>da</strong>sakmayofileblad, xasiaTis<br />
cvalebadobisa <strong>da</strong> ugulobis gamo qmrebs Ralatoben, ra mkacra<strong>da</strong>c ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
uTvalTvalo maT. aseTebad Seqmna RmerTma qalebi <strong>da</strong> mamakacma icis ra yovelive es,<br />
sagangebod un<strong>da</strong> ufrTxildes maT." (Законы Ману, 1960).<br />
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